all

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

all

Wikipedia

Alternative forms

• al (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English all, from Old English eall, from Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz, of uncertain origin but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with West Frisian al (“all”), Dutch al (“all”), Scots a' (“all”), German all (“all”), Swedish all (“all”), Norwegian all (“all”), Icelandic allur (“all”), Welsh holl (“all”), Irish uile (“all”), Lithuanian aliái (“all, each, every”).

The dialectal sense “all gone” is a calque of German alle. The use in who all, where all etc. also has equivalents in German (see alles).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ôl IPA^(key): /ɔːl/,

• Audio (London)

  (file)

• (US)
  • (General American) IPA^(key): /ɔl/,
  • (cot–caught merger, Inland Northern American) IPA^(key): /ɑl/

    • Audio (US)

      (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔːl
• Homophones: awl, I'll (some dialects)

Determiner

all

1. Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable).

   All contestants must register at the scorer’s table.

   All flesh is originally grass.

   All my friends like classical music.

   • 1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy. , 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 2, member 6, subsection iv, page 298:

     Beautie alone is a ſoveraigne remedy againſt feare,griefe,and all melancholy fits; a charm,as Peter de la Seine and many other writers affirme,a banquet it ſelfe;he gives inſtance in diſcontented Menelaus that was ſo often freed by Helenas faire face: and ^hTully, 3 Tusc. cites Epicurus as a chiefe patron of this Tenent.

   • 1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate , New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, , →OCLC:

     In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass. In this way all respectable burgesses, down to fifty years ago, spent their evenings.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     Pretty soon I struck into a sort of path […]. It twisted and turned, […] and opened out into a big clear space like a lawn. And, back of the lawn, was a big, old-fashioned house, with piazzas stretching in front of it, and all blazing with lights.

   • 2019 March 6, Drachinifel, 25:58 from the start, in The Battle of Samar (Alternate History) - Bring on the Battleships!‎, archived from the original on 4 July 2022:

     On the one hand, we had a scenario where, effectively, the American admiral just went "You know what, all the destroyers attack", at which point they mowed through the Japanese destroyers like a Grim Reaper through a harvest of very, very dead gorn, especially with the Brooklyns in support.

2. Throughout the whole of (a stated period of time; generally used with units of a day or longer).

   The store is open all day and all night.

   (= through the whole of the day and the whole of the night.)

   I’ve been working on this all year.

   (= from the beginning of the year until now.)

3. Only; alone; nothing but.

   He's all talk; he never puts his ideas into practice.

   • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     I was born to speak all mirth and no matter.

4. (obsolete) Any.
   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     without all remedy

Translations

Pronoun

all

1. Everything.

   Some gave all they had.

   She knows all and sees all.

   Those who think they know it all are annoying to those of us who do.

   • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter III, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

     Now all this was very fine, but not at all in keeping with the Celebrity's character as I had come to conceive it. The idea that adulation ever cloyed on him was ludicrous in itself. In fact I thought the whole story fishy, and came very near to saying so.

2. Everyone.

   A good time was had by all.

   We all enjoyed the movie.

   • 2012 October 9, Amy Hauser, Tom Hauser, chapter 7, in Marge Thompson, Frankie M. Leisering, editors, In His Grip … a Walk Through Breast Cancer‎, WestBow Press, →ISBN, page 39:

     Hey all, just a quick note as I am trying to do 46 things at once and slow down a touch all at once…

3. The only thing(s).

   All that was left was a small pile of ash.

   We ate potatoes and ziti .... that's all.

5. (chiefly Southern US, South Midland US, Midland US, Scotland, Northern Ireland, India) Used after who, what, where, how and similar words, either without changing their meaning, or indicating that one expects that they cover more than one element, e.g. that "Who all attended?" is more than one person. (Some dialects only allow this to follow some words and not others.)
   • 1904 October 10, Shea v. Nilima, Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, in 1905, Reports Containing the Cases Determined in All the Circuits from the Organization of the Courts, page 266:

     Q. Now, then, when you started to go to stake the claims, who all went along?

     A. I and Johan Peter Johansen, Otto Greiner, and Thorulf Kjelsberg.

   • 1998, Paul D. Staudohar, editor, Football's Best Short Stories‎, section 107:

     "I mean, you could have called us—collect, o'course—jes' to let us know how-all it's a-goin'."

   • 2002, Richard Haddock, Arkalalah, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 73:

     "Where all did he go? What exactly was his job?" Gary shrugged and produced a weak laugh. "I reckon the Middle East. Ain't that where all the oil is?"

   • 2011, Moni Mohsin, Tender Hooks, Random House India, →ISBN:

     "Do you ever ask me what I want to see? Or ask me about where all I've gone, who all I've met, what all I've done? Never. Not for one second. And why? Because you don't give two hoops about me."

Translations

Adverb

all (not comparable)

1. Wholly; entirely; completely; totally.

   She was sitting all alone. It suddenly went all quiet.

   • 1738, Charles Wesley, “And can it be that I should gain”, in John Wesley, editor, A Collection of Psalms and Hymns, Charlestown: Lewis Timothy, →OCLC:

     'Tis mystery all: th'Immortal dies

   • 1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 127:

     The parson, all unaware, dully pursued his calling, perched above the exquisite derision of their glances.

2. Apiece; each.

   The score was 30 all when the rain delay started.

3. (degree) So much.

   Don't want to go? All the better since I lost the tickets.

4. (obsolete, poetic) Even; just.
   • 1579, Edmund Spenser, The Shepheardes Calender, London: Hugh Singleton, →OCLC:

     All as his straying flock he fed.

   • 1715, John Gay, What D’ye Call It?, London: Bernard Lintott, →OCLC:

     A damsel lay deploring / All on a rock reclined.

5. A quotative particle, compare like.

   She was all, “Whatever.”

Synonyms

• completely

Translations

Noun

all (countable and uncountable, plural alls)

1. (with a possessive pronoun) Everything that one is capable of.

   She gave her all, and collapsed at the finish line.

2. (countable) The totality of one's possessions.
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volumes (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A Millar, , →OCLC:

     Folio Society 1973, pp. 37-8:

     she therefore ordered Jenny to pack up her alls and begone, for that she was determined she should not sleep that night within her walls. […] I packed up my little all as well as I could, and went off.

Translations

Conjunction

all

1. (obsolete) Although.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, volume 2, London: Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

     And those two froward sisters, their faire loves, / Came with them eke, all they were wondrous loth.

Derived terms

Adjective

all

1. (Pennsylvania, dialect) All gone; dead.

   The butter is all.

Derived terms

• allhood
• allness

Related terms

See also

References

Anagrams

• LAL, Lal, Lal.

Albanian

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish آل (al).

Adjective

all (feminine alle)

1. of glowing, reddish color

References

Further reading

• Newmark, L. (1999) “all”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary‎
• “all”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

Breton

Etymology

See arall (“other”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈalː/, IPA^(key): /ˈɛl/

Adjective

all

1. other

Derived terms

• gwezhall

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin allium. Compare Occitan alh, French ail, Spanish ajo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aʎ

Noun

all m (plural alls)

1. garlic
2. garlic clove

Derived terms

Further reading

• “all” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “all”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “all” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “all” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *alla.

Postposition

all

1. under, below (Governs the genitive)

Derived terms

• all-
• alla
• alt

German

Etymology

From Middle High German al, from Old High German al, from Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz. Cognate with English all.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

• Audio

  (file)

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -al

Determiner

all

1. all

   Alle Menschen sind gleich.

   All people are equal.

   Du musst doch nicht allen Unsinn nachmachen, den du hörst!

   You needn't reproduce all nonsense that you hear!

   • 1843, Karl Ludwig Kannegießer (translation from Italian into German), Die göttliche Komödie des Dante Alighieri, 4th edition, 1st part, Leipzig, p. 84:

     ... / Nachdem, von Wuth und Grausamkeit entbronnen, / Der Weiberschwarm die Männer all erschlug.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. every (in time intervals, with plural noun)

   Wir treffen uns alle zwei Wochen.

   We meet up every two weeks.

Usage notes

• The bare form all is used with articles and pronouns, which it precedes (as in English). For instance: all die Sachen (“all the things”); all dies Gerede (“all this chitchat”); all meine Freunde (“all my friends”) (more common with the e). Colloquial German often uses the adjective ganz instead: die ganzen Sachen; dies ganze Gerede; meine ganzen Freunde.
• If all is followed by an adjective, the adjective is declined weakly: alle guten Sachen (“all good things”), alles Gute (“all the best”)

Declension

Derived terms

• allzu
• alle, alles (indefinite pronouns)
• alle (adverb)
• aller Enden
• allerhand
• allerorten
• allerorts
• allerseit
• allerseits
• allerwege
• allerwegen
• allerwegs
• allerweil
• Allmacht
• allseits

Further reading

• “all” in Duden online
• “all” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Gothic

Romanization

all

1. Romanization of 𐌰𐌻𐌻

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -ɑl

Pronoun

all

1. (with uncountable or plural nouns) all
2. (with countable singular nouns) every; each

   Et muss een net mat all Virschlag eens sinn.

   One needn’t agree to every proposition.

Usage notes

• The word is usually uninflected, except for the dative plural, which becomes allen.

Synonyms

• (every, each): jidder, jiddwer

Derived terms

• alles

Middle English

Alternative forms

• al

Etymology

From Old English eall, from Proto-West Germanic *all, from Proto-Germanic *allaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /al/

Adverb

all

1. all (entirely, completely)

Determiner

all

1. all, every
   • c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·ii· 11:9, page 72r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

     ⁊ whanne I was a mong ȝou ⁊ hadde nede .· I was chargeouſe to no man / foꝛ bꝛiþeren þat camen fro macedonye fulfilliden þat þat failide to me / ⁊ in alle þingis I haue kept and ſchal kepe me wiþouten charge to ȝou

     And when I was amongst you and felt need, I wasn't burdensome to anybody, because brothers who came from Macedonia provided whatever I didn't have. So in everything, I've kept, and will keep, myself from burdening you.

Derived terms

• alles

Descendants

• English: all
• Geordie English: a'
• Scots: a', a, aw; aa, aal
• Yola: aul, aal, all, al

References

• “al, adv. & conj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse allr.

Determiner

all (neuter singular alt, plural alle)

1. all

Derived terms

• allehelgensdag
• allmektig
• allvitende

References

• “all” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• adl’u, add’e, all’e, aill, aillj (dialectal)

Etymology

From Old Norse allr, from Proto-Germanic *allaz (“all”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“all”). Cognate with Faroese and Icelandic allur, Swedish all and Danish al. Akin to English all.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /alː/
• IPA^(key): /aʎː/ (dialectal palatalization, Trøndelag and Northern Norway)
• IPA^(key): /adl/ (dialectal)

Adjective

all m or f (neuter alt, plural alle)

1. all
2. (in the plural) everybody
3. over, at an end, finished

   Sumaren er all. ― The summer is at an end.

   • 1773, E. Storm, Paa Kongjens Føssilsdag:

     Mæin kor tæk mid Drikkjen, Jula æ no oull, / Kagga vor aa Bolla æ baa tur aa koull?

     But where do we take the drink? Christmas is over, you know, / our keg and our bowl are both dry and cold.

4. tired, exhausted, worn out; weak

   Skorne er alle ― The shoes are worn out.

5. dead

   Han er mest all. ― He’s almost dead.

Declension

Derived terms

• allehelgensdag
• allmektig
• allvitande

References

• “all” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑll/,

Adjective

all (Anglian)

1. Alternative form of eall

Declension

Adverb

all (Anglian)

1. Alternative form of eall

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German al. Compare German all, Dutch al, English all.

Adjective

all

1. all

Related terms

• alliebber

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish alder, from Old Norse allr, from Proto-Germanic *allaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Determiner

all (neuter allt, masculine alle, plural alla)

1. all

   Drack du upp all mjölk?

   Did you drink all the milk?

Usage notes

All (with inflections) is used with mass nouns. The corresponding for nouns with ordinary plural is alla.

A masculine-looking form (alle) is virtually only retained in the fixed expressions alle man and allesamman (“everyone”).

See also

• varje
• allihop

References

• all in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• all in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• all in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /aɬ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /a(ː)ɬ/

Verb

all

1. Soft mutation of gall.

Mutation

Yola

Adverb

all

1. Alternative form of aul
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 84:

     Th’ weithest all curcagh, wafur, an cornee.

     You seem all snappish, uneasy, and fretful.

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

     Th' heiftem o' pley vell all ing to lug;

     The weight of the play fell into the hollow;

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:

     A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,

     A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

     Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;

     Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 84