am
Translingual
Symbol
am
- (metrology) Symbol for attometer (attometre), an SI unit of length equal to 10−18 meters (metres).
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Amharic.
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English am, em, from Old English eam, eom (“am”), from Proto-West Germanic *im, from Proto-Germanic *immi, *izmi (“am”, form of the verb *wesaną (“to be; dwell”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“I am, I exist”).
Cognate with Old Norse em (Old Swedish æm (“am”)), Gothic 𐌹𐌼 (im, “am”), Ancient Greek εἰμῐ́ (eimí, “am”), Old Armenian եմ (em, “am”), Albanian jam (“am”).
Pronunciation
- (stressed) IPA(key): /æm/
- (æ-tensing) IPA(key): ,
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): ,
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): , ,
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /əm/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -æm
Verb
am
- first-person singular present indicative of be
- 1611, The Holy Bible, (King James Version), London: Robert Barker, , →OCLC, John 1:23:
- He ſaid, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderneſſe: Make ſtraight the way of the Loꝛd, as ſaid the Pꝛophet Eſaias.
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
- Marsha, I am in the kitchen!
Audio (US) (file)
- Marsha, I am in the kitchen!
Derived terms
See also
Contraction
am
Etymology 2
Adverb
am (not comparable)
- Alternative spelling of a.m.
- 2017, Huei-Ru Hsieh et al., “Lessons Learned from the 0801 Petrochemical Pipeline Explosions in Kaohsiung City”, in Fire Science and Technology 2015: The Proceedings of 10th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology, , →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 183:
- On 1 August 2014 at approximately 12 am, in Lingya and Chienchen Districts of Kaohsiung City, a series of explosions from underground pipelines and sewer system occurred.
Anagrams
Aromanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
The verb as a whole derives from forms of the Latin habeō, habēre. The first-person present singular form am(u), along with some other inflected forms, may have been analogical constructions (in this case, from an old form (aemu) of first-person plural (now avem)), or influenced by nearby languages. Compare Romanian avea, am; cf. also Albanian kam (“to have”). The third-person singular present indicative, ari, may have derived from Latin haberet.
Verb
am first-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicative ari or are, imperfect aveam, simple perfect avui, past participle avutã)
Related terms
Azerbaijani
Etymology 1
| Cyrillic | ам | |
|---|---|---|
| Abjad | آم | |
From Proto-Turkic *(i)am (“vulva”). Related to amcıq with the same sense and derived from the same root.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Noun
am (definite accusative amı, plural amlar)
Declension
| Declension of am | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | am |
amlar | ||||||
| definite accusative | amı |
amları | ||||||
| dative | ama |
amlara | ||||||
| locative | amda |
amlarda | ||||||
| ablative | amdan |
amlardan | ||||||
| definite genitive | amın |
amların | ||||||
Etymology 2
| Cyrillic | ам | |
|---|---|---|
| Abjad | عام | |
Borrowed from Arabic عَام (ʕām).
Noun
am (definite accusative amı, plural amlar)
Declension
| Declension of am | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | am |
amlar | ||||||
| definite accusative | amı |
amları | ||||||
| dative | ama |
amlara | ||||||
| locative | amda |
amlarda | ||||||
| ablative | amdan |
amlardan | ||||||
| definite genitive | amın |
amların | ||||||
Further reading
- “am” in Obastan.com.
Baba Malay
Etymology
Noun
am
Further reading
Chuukese
Pronoun
am
- First-person plural exclusive pronoun; us (exclusive)
See also
Fula
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Determiner
am (singular)
Usage notes
Garo
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
am
Derived terms
References
- Burling, R. (2003) The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon, Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 35
- Mason, M.C. (1904) , English-Garo Dictionary, Mittal Publications, New Delhi, India
- Garo-Hindi-English Learners' Dictionary, North-Eastern Hill University Publications, Shillong
German
Pronunciation
Contraction
am (+ adjective ending with -en + masculine or neuter noun)
- an + dem, at the, on the
- auf + dem, on the, at the
- Forms the superlative in adverbial and predicate use.
- am schnellsten ― fastest
- am schwächsten ― weakest
- am wichtigsten ― most important
- Er spielt am besten.
- He plays best.
Further reading
- “am” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Hungarian
Etymology
Abbreviation.
Pronunciation
Adverb
am
- (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of amúgy (“otherwise, anyway; by the way”).
See also
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay am, from Classical Malay عام (am), from Arabic عَامّ (ʕāmm).
Pronunciation
Adjective
am
Derived terms
References
Further reading
- “am” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish amm, from Proto-Celtic *ammen-, *amo-, probably ultimately from the root of aimser (“point in time”).
Pronunciation
Noun
am m (genitive singular ama, nominative plural amanna or amanta)
Declension
- Alternative declension
Derived terms
- ag an am céanna (“at the same time”)
- am ar bith (“at any time”)
- am de lá (“the time of day”)
- am dúnta (“closing time”)
- am éigin eile (“another, some other, time”)
- am eile
- am lóin (“lunch-time”)
- am luath
- am luí (“bedtime”)
- am mall (“old time”)
- am na gréine (“the time by the sun”)
- am na réaltaí (“sidereal time”)
- am nua (“summer-time”)
- amchrios (“time zone”)
- amscála (“time scale”)
- ar feadh an ama (“all the time”)
- bileog ama (“timesheet”)
- buama ama (“time bomb”)
- cad é an t-am atá sé (“What time is it?”)
- cén t-am é?
- clár ama (“timetable”)
- clásal ama (“temporal clause”)
- faoin am seo (“by this time”)
- freangadh ama (“time warp”)
- gearr-am
- i rith an ama
- in am agus in an-am (“in and out of season”)
- in am go leor (“time enough”)
- in aon am (“at one time; together”)
- le ham
- leabhar ama (“time-book”)
- ó am go ham (“from time to time”)
- pointe ama (“point in time”)
- san am céanna
- sprioc-am (“set time; deadline”)
- tríd am (“in course of time”)
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Contraction
am (triggers lenition)
- (colloquial, dialectal) Contraction of do mo (“to/for my”).
Etymology 3
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Contraction
am (triggers lenition)
- (colloquial, dialectal) Contraction of i mo (“in my”).
Mutation
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| am | n-am | ham | t-am |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 amm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 291, page 103
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “am”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “am”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 25
- Entries containing “am” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Kofyar
Etymology
Related to Gerka ram (“water”).
Noun
am
References
- Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
- we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" :
- (1) Ch. *h-m "water" : WCh. *hama : AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) = *am = *ham = *ham : Kfy. am ,
Lagwan
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Chadic *ymn.
Noun
am
References
- Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
- we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" :
- (1) Ch. *h-m "water" : WCh. *hama : AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) = *am = *ham = *ham : Lgn. a̲m = àm (pl.) = ˀàm = ˀàm , Bdm. amaii "water", amai "rain"
Luxembourgish
Contraction
am
Malalí
Noun
am
References
- Robert Gordon Latham, Elements of Comparative Philology
- Martius, Beiträge zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Brasiliens
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English eam, eom, from Proto-West Germanic *im, from Proto-Germanic *immi, first-person singular of *wesaną.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Verb
am
- first-person singular present indicative of been
- c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 1:23, page 43v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:
- he ſeide / I am a vois of a crier in deſert .· dꝛeſſe ȝe þe weie of þe loꝛd. as yſaie þe pꝛophete ſeide
- He said: "I am the voice of a crier in the wilderness; straighten the way of the Lord, as the prophet Isaiah said."
Usage notes
- More common than be as a first-person singular form.
Descendants
Etymology 2
Pronoun
am
- Alternative form of hem (“them”)
Middle Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ambi (compare Old Irish imb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi. Cognate with Latin ambi-, Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 (a-b-i-y /abiy/, “towards, against, upon”), Old High German umbi, Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “about, around”) and the first part of Old Armenian ամբ-ողջ (amb-ołǰ, “whole”).
Pronunciation
Preposition
am (triggers lenition)
Inflection
- first-person singular: amdanaf
- second-person singular: amdanat
- third-person singular masculine: amdanaw, ymdanaw, ymdanw
- third-person singular feminine: amdanei
Derived terms
- am pen (“upon”)
- gwiscaw am (“to put on (clothes etc.)”)
- y am (“off; apart from”)
Mwaghavul
Etymology
Related to Gerka ram (“water”).
Noun
àm
References
- Zygmunt Frajzyngier, A Grammar of Mupun (1993)
- Václav Blažek, A Lexicostatistical comparison of Omotic languages, in In Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology, page 122
- Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
- we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" :
- (1) Ch. *h-m "water" : WCh. *hama : AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) = *am = *ham = *ham : Sura àm "Wasser, Flüssigkeit" , Mpn. àm ,
Ngas
Etymology
Related to Gerka ram (“water”).
Noun
am
References
- Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
- we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" :
- (1) Ch. *h-m "water" : WCh. *hama : AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) = *am = *ham = *ham : Angas am "1. water, 2. rain" = am "water (to drink of wash with)" =
Nigerian Pidgin
Pronoun
am
(Where did you pick it?)
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Norwegian Bokmål
Verb
am
- imperative of amme
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
am
- imperative of amme
Old English
Verb
am
References
- 17, Skeat, Walter Wiliams 'The Gospel according to Saint Luke: in Anglo-Saxon and Northumbrian versions synoptically'
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *emmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁esmi, from *h₁es- (“to be”).
Pronunciation
Verb
am
Pero
Noun
ám
References
- Zygmunt Frajzyngier, A grammar of Pero (1989)
Pumpokol
Noun
am
Romanian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inflected form of avea. Probably an analogical construction based on the old first-person plural or perhaps influenced by similar forms in other languages. Compare Aromanian am(u); cf. also Albanian kam (“I have”).
Verb
am
- first-person singular present indicative of avea
- (I) have
- first-person singular present subjunctive of avea
Etymology 2
From old Romanian amu, presumably from an earlier (proto-) Romanian form aemu (attested in Aromanian), from Latin habēmus. The original first-person singular in proto-Romanian was aibu, from Latin habeō, but was changed to am(u) by analogy with the first-person plural. The form with -v- (avem) in the present form of the verb's main conjugation (as opposed to its use in this form as an auxiliary verb) may have been remade by analogy with avut; am may also be seen as a reduced, clitic form of avem. See also ați, which has a parallel development.
Verb
am
- (eu) am (modal auxiliary, first-person singular form of avea, used with past participles to form perfect compus tenses)
- (I) have...
- (I) have...
- (noi) am (modal auxiliary, first-person plural form of avea, used with past participles to form perfect compus tenses)
- (we) have...
- (we) have...
Related terms
Etymology 3
Presumably from a Vulgar Latin *eamus, from Latin habēbāmus.
Verb
am
- (noi) am (modal auxiliary, first-person plural form of avea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)
- (we) would
Related terms
References
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Article
am
- inflection of an (“the”):
- nominative singular masculine preceding f-
- nominative singular masculine preceding b-, m-, p-
Declension
| Variation of am (definite article) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Plural | |||||||
| nom. | dat. | gen. | nom. | dat. | gen. | nom. | dat. | gen. | |
| + f- | am | anL | anL | na | na | nam | |||
| + m-, p- or b- | am | a'L | a'L | na | na | nam | |||
| + c- or g- | an | a'L | a'L | na | na | nan | |||
| + sV-, sl-, sn- or sr- | an | anT | anT | na | na | nan | |||
| + other consonant | an | an | an | na | na | nan | |||
| + vowel | anT | an | an | naH | naH | nan | |||
| L Triggers lenition; H Triggers H-prothesis; T Triggers T-prothesis | |||||||||
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Determiner
am
- Form of an (“their”) used before the consonants b-, f-, m- or p-.
See also
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Preposition
am (+ dative, no mutation)
- Form of an (“in”) used before the consonants b-, f-, m- or p-.
Synonyms
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Particle
am
- Form of an (interrogative particle) used before the consonants b-, f-, m- or p-.
Verb
am
- Form of an (present interrogative copula) used before the consonants b-, f-, m- or p-.
References
- Colin Mark (2003) The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, pages 32-33
Spanish
Adverb
am
Sumerian
Romanization
am
- Romanization of 𒄠 (am)
Tagalog
Etymology
Borrowed from Hokkien 飲／饮 (ám, “rice soup”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈʔam/,
- Rhymes: -am
Noun
am (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜋ᜔)
- Alternative form of aam
Tangale
Noun
am
References
- Takács, Gábor (2007) Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201, →ISBN:
- we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" :
- (1) Ch. *h-m "water" : WCh. *hama : AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) = *am = *ham = *ham : Tng. am ,
- Václav Blažek, A Lexicostatistical comparison of Omotic languages, in In Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology, page 122
Tarifit
Preposition
am (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⵎ)
Tày
Pronunciation
- (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key):
- (Trùng Khánh) IPA(key):
Adjective
am
- overly soft and sticky from having too much water; pasty; viscid; clammy; soggy
- mỏ khảu bặng chảo am ― the rice in the pot is overly soft like soup
References
- Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
- Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish آم, from Proto-Turkic *am (“vulva”).
Pronunciation
Noun
am (definite accusative amı, plural amlar)
Declension
| Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Nominative | am | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | amı | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | am | amlar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Definite accusative | amı | amları | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dative | ama | amlara | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | amda | amlarda | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ablative | amdan | amlardan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | amın | amların | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also
Tzeltal
Noun
am
Uspanteco
Noun
am
References
- Leamos uspanteco: Kawitojtak kibꞌ chi rilic jwich wuj laj tzijbꞌal ajtilmit: En uspanteco y español (overall work in Spanish and Uspanteco), ILV, 1998, page 1
Vietnamese
Etymology
Sino-Vietnamese word from 庵.
Pronunciation
Noun
(classifier cái) am
Anagrams
War-Jaintia
Noun
am
References
- Jeremy Brightbill, Amy Kim, Seung Kim, The War-Jaintia in Bangladesh: a sociolinguistic survey, SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2007-013: 153, page 58
Welsh
Alternative forms
- (about; for): amdan
Etymology
From Middle Welsh am, from Old Welsh im, from Proto-Celtic *ambi (compare Old Irish imb), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰi.
Cognate with Latin ambi-, Sanskrit अभि (abhí, “towards, over, upon”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹 (a-b-i-y /abiy/, “towards, against, upon”), Old High German umbi, Ancient Greek ἀμφί (amphí, “about, around”) and the first part of Old Armenian ամբ-ողջ (amb-ołǰ, “whole”).
Pronunciation
Preposition
am (triggers soft mutation)
- (with most verbs) about, concerning
- (with certain verbs) for, in exchange for
- (time) at
- (in exclamations) what a (+noun), how (+adjective)
- Am lanastr! ― What a mess!
- Am annheg! ― How unfair!
Inflection
Derived terms
Conjunction
am
- because (followed by fod or a “that”-clause)
- Fydd e ddim yma heddiw am ei fod e’n sâl.
- He won’t be here today as he’s sick.
Synonyms
West Makian
Pronunciation
Verb
am
- (transitive) to eat
Usage notes
The verb am ("to eat") takes the same verbal prefixes that directional verbs do.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of am (directional verb) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||
| inclusive | exclusive | |||
| 1st person | tiam | miam | aam | |
| 2nd person | niam | fiam | ||
| 3rd person | inanimate | iam | diam | |
| animate | ||||
| imperative | niam, am | fiam, am | ||
Alternative forms
References
Yola
Verb
am
- Alternative form of aam
- 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, page 106:
- "Murreen leam, kish am." Ich aam goan maake mee will.
- To my grief, I am a big old sow. I am going to make my will,
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 106
Yucatec Maya
Etymology
From Proto-Mayan *Am.
Pronunciation
Noun
am (plural amoʼob)
References
- Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746) Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page 176: “Araña otra. Am. .... Eſta mata. ― Another spider. Am. .... This one kills.”
- Montgomery, John (2004) Maya-English, English-Maya (Yucatec) Dictionary & Phrasebook, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN, page 50