amžius
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Lithuanian
Etymology
Cognate with Latvian mužs (“life”), Old Prussian amsis, amsin (“people”), with further origin unclear:[1][2]
- King derives the Baltic terms from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems-ǵʰ-, an extension of *h₂ems- (“to give birth, beget”), comparing Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝𒀸𒊭𒀸 (ḫa-an-za-aš-ša-aš, “offspring”) in particular. The hypothetical series of phonetic developments is Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems-ǵʰ- > Proto-Balto-Slavic *hams-ź- > Proto-Baltic *amhź- > Lithuanian *āmź- > ámžius.[3] This seems most tenable, when considering phonetics and semantics.
- Fraenkel tentatively connects the word to Bulgarian мъж (mǎž, “man”), and thus implicitly derives the words from Proto-Balto-Slavic *mangjás (“man; husband”).[4]
- Heidermanns tentatively derives the word from an earlier *au-miź-i-, from *h₂ew (“away”) + *h₃meyǵʰ- (“to urinate”), with semantic development "to urinate away" > "to seed (life)" > "life, era". This is semantically rather ad hoc.[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
ámžius m (plural ámžiai) stress pattern 1
Declension
Declension of ámžius
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (vardininkas) | ámžius | ámžiai |
| genitive (kilmininkas) | ámžiaus | ámžių |
| dative (naudininkas) | ámžiui | ámžiams |
| accusative (galininkas) | ámžių | ámžius |
| instrumental (įnagininkas) | ámžiumi | ámžiais |
| locative (vietininkas) | ámžiuje | ámžiuose |
| vocative (šauksmininkas) | ámžiau | ámžiai |
Derived terms
(Adjectives)
- (Nouns)
- amžinybė f
- amžininkas m
See also
References
- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “ámžius”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 14
- ^ “ámžius” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 28 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 “amžius”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
- ^ Fraenkel, Ernst (1955, 1962–1965) “ámžius”, in Litauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume I, Heidelberg-Göttingen: Carl Winter and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 9-10
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
Further reading
- “amžius”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025
- “amžius”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2025