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From an-(“un-, not”) + an unattested *wyd(“heat, passion”), the latter component from Proto-Indo-European*weh₂t-(“excited, raging”), literally "not heated or passionate". Compare Sanskritवात(vāta, “assailed”).[1][2]
An earlier theory by Emile Ernault suggested a compound of an-(“intensive prefix, in-”) + gwynt(“wind”), literally “wind on”, comparing to Sanskritवात(vāta, “wind”); however, a rhyme in the Gwasgargerdd Fyrddin yn y Bedd (The Diffused Song of Merlin in the Grave) suggests that *anwoed was the original form of the term, making Ernault's etymology less conceivable, and leading to the first etymology given above.
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh. All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “annwyd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, volume 15, Wales: University of Wales Press, 1952-4, pages 122-3
^ Édouard Bachellery (1956) “Sommaire. - Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, vol. XV et XVI”, in Études celtiques, volume 7, number 2, Paris, France: Études celtiques, archived from the original on 23 February 2024, page 467