apó

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "apo"

Macanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Cantonese 阿婆 (aa3 po4).

Pronunciation

Noun

apó

  1. elderly Chinese woman of humble background
    Hypernyms: (old woman) véla, chacha
    apó cartâ águ ― old woman carrying water

Derived terms

References

Old Tupi

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aˈpɔ/
  • Rhymes: -ɔ
  • Hyphenation: a‧pó

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapo, from Proto-Tupian *ja(-)po.[1]

Cognate with Guaraní tapo.

Noun

apó (possessable, IIe class pluriform, absolute sapó, R1 rapó, R2 sapó)

  1. root (part of a plant that anchors and supports the plant body)
Descendants
  • Nheengatu: apú

Adjective

apó (IIe class pluriform, R1 rapó, R2 sapó, noun form apó)

  1. rooted (having roots)[2]
Declension
    Declension of apó (IIe pluriform, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative moapó
Deadjectivals
-ba'e sapoba'e
-sab(a) apoaba / aposaba
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative xe rapó nde rapó sapó oré rapó îandé rapó pe rapó
Imperative
Permissive ta xe rapó ta nde rapó ta sapó t'oré rapó t'îandé rapó ta pe rapó
Negative indicative na xe rapóî na nde rapóî na sapóî n'oré rapóî n'îandé rapóî na pe rapóî
Negative imperative nde rapó umẽ pe rapó umẽ
Negative permissive ta xe rapó umẽ ta nde rapó umẽ ta sapó umẽ t'oré rapó umẽ t'îandé rapó umẽ ta pe rapó umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative xe rapóramo nde rapóramo o apóramo oré rapóramo îandé rapóramo pe rapóramo
Negative xe rapoe'ymamo nde rapoe'ymamo o apoe'ymamo oré rapoe'ymamo îandé rapoe'ymamo pe rapoe'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative apó
Negative apoe'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative same as gerund1
xe rapóû2 sapóû2 oré rapóû2 îandé rapóû2
Negative same as gerund1
xe rapoe'ymi2 sapoe'ymi2 oré rapoe'ymi2 îandé rapoe'ymi2
1South Tupi
2North Tupi

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tapo.[3]

Verb

apó (first-person singular active indicative aîapó, first-person singular negative active indicative n'aîapóî, noun apó) (transitive)

  1. to make (to prepare or cook food)
    • 1622, anonymous author, “Papas”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 64; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
      Aiapô mingaû.
      [Aîapó minga'u.]
      I made porridge.
  2. to transform; to make into
    Synonym: monhang
    • 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “”, in ; republished as Armando Cardoso, compiler, Doutrina Cristã: Catecismo brasílico, volume 1, São Paulo: Loyola, 1992, →ISBN, page 228, line 31:
      M[estre:] Emonánamope Tupã jandé rúbypý arukángañé apóu semirekóramo?
      D[iscipulo:] Emonánamo.
      [Mestre: Emonãnamope Tupã îandé rubypy arukanga nhẽ apóû semirekóramo?
      Discípulo: Emonãnamo.]
      Master: That's why God transformed our first father's rib in his wife?
      Disciple: That's why.
  3. to arrange; to organize[4]
    Synonym: mongaturõ
Conjugation
    Conjugation of apó (transitive, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative apoukar
Causative-comitative eroapó
Reflexive îeapó
Deverbals
-ba'e oîapoba'e
emi- emiapó / miapó
-pyr(a) i apopyra
-sab(a) apoaba / aposaba
-sar(a) apoara / aposara
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative aîapó ereîapó oîapó oroîapó îaîapó peîapó
Permissive t'aîapó t'ereîapó t'oîapó t'oroîapó t'îaîapó ta peîapó
Imperative eîapó peîapó
Negative indicative n'aîapóî n'ereîapóî n'oîapóî n'oroîapóî n'îaîapóî na peîapóî
Negative permissive t'aîapó umẽ t'ereîapó umẽ t'oîapó umẽ t'oroîapó umẽ t'îaîapó umẽ ta peîapó umẽ
Negative imperative eîapó umẽ peîapó umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative apó
Negative apoe'yma
Gerund
Affirmative xe apóbo nde apóbo i apóbo oré apóbo îandé apóbo pe apóbo
Negative xe apoe'yma nde apoe'yma i apoe'yma oré apoe'yma îandé apoe'yma pe apoe'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative xe apóû i apóû oré apóû îandé apóû
Negative xe apoe'ymi i apoe'ymi oré apoe'ymi îandé apoe'ymi

Etymology 3

Unknown.

Adjective

apó (noun form apó)

  1. full
    • 1622, anonymous author, “Ouelhas do mar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 60; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
      Igapotitinga.
      [Ygapotitinga.]
      Seafoam.
      (literally, “Full water's white stains.”)
Declension
    Declension of apó (oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi adjectives)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
Causative moapó
Deadjectivals
-ba'e i apoba'e
-sab(a) apoaba / aposaba
Singular Singular & Plural Plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person exclusive 1st person inclusive 2nd person
Adjectival forms
Active
Indicative xe apó nde apó i apó oré apó îandé apó pe apó
Imperative
Permissive ta xe apó ta nde apó t'i apó t'oré apó t'îandé apó ta pe apó
Negative indicative na xe apóî na nde apóî n'i apóî n'oré apóî n'îandé apóî na pe apóî
Negative imperative nde apó umẽ pe apó umẽ
Negative permissive ta xe apó umẽ ta nde apó umẽ t'i apó umẽ t'oré apó umẽ t'îandé apó umẽ ta pe apó umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative xe apóramo nde apóramo o apóramo oré apóramo îandé apóramo pe apóramo
Negative xe apoe'ymamo nde apoe'ymamo o apoe'ymamo oré apoe'ymamo îandé apoe'ymamo pe apoe'ymamo
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative apó
Negative apoe'yma
Circumstantial
Affirmative same as gerund1
xe apóû2 i apóû2 oré apóû2 îandé apóû2
Negative same as gerund1
xe apoe'ymi2 i apoe'ymi2 oré apoe'ymi2 îandé apoe'ymi2
1South Tupi
2North Tupi
Descendants

Etymology 4

Unknown.

Determiner

apó

  1. that

Pronoun

apó

  1. that

References

  1. ^ Andrey Nikulin (2020) Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo‎ (in Portuguese), Brasília: UnB
  2. ^ anonymous author (1622) “Raiz, ou raizes ter, ou lançar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 2, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 95: “Xerapô [Xe rapó]”
  3. ^ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais‎ (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC
  4. ^ anonymous author (1622) “Amanhar, ou concertar”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 33: “Ayapô [Aîapó]”
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