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According to Vennemann’s Atlantic substrate theory, the ultimate source may be a Semitic word cognate with Egyptianꜥfj(“bee”), though no attested Semitic cognates survive. De Vaan finds this plausible.[1] Another hypothesis suggests an Osco-Umbrian loan from an original *akuis(“sharp, stinging”), as the Osco-Umbrian reflex of Proto-Indo-European labiovelar */kʷ/ that gives Latin ⟨qu⟩ is regularly /p/; compare aqui-(“sharp”) in aquifolius, aquilinus. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
↑ 1.01.1De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “apis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 47
“apis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“apis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
"apis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
apis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“apis”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia
“apis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“apis”, in William Smith, editor (1848), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
“apis”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly