arbor

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See also: Arbor and árbor

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”) (English herb). (Compare Late Latin herbārium, although erbier is possibly an independent formation.) The spelling was influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

Alternative forms

Noun

arbor (plural arbors or arbores)

  1. A shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.
    • 1979, J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company, chapter 24:
      Children swung from the branches of the banyan tree, teenagers climbed into the arbours of orchids and gourds into which the abandoned cars had been transformed.
  2. A grove of trees.
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French arbre (“tree, axis”), spelling influenced by Latin arbor (“tree”).

Noun

arbor (plural arbors or arbores)

  1. An axis or shaft supporting a rotating part on a lathe.
  2. A bar for supporting cutting tools.
  3. A spindle of a wheel.
Derived terms
Translations

Anagrams

Indonesian

Etymology

From English arbor, from Middle English arbour, erbour, from Old French erbier (“field, meadow, kitchen garden”), from erbe (“grass, herb”), from Latin herba (“grass, herb”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈarbɔr/
  • Hyphenation: ar‧bor

Noun

arbor (first-person possessive arborku, second-person possessive arbormu, third-person possessive arbornya)

  1. arbor: a shady sitting place or pergola usually in a park or garden, surrounded by climbing shrubs, vines or other vegetation.

Further reading

Latin

arbor (a tree)

Alternative forms

Etymology

By rhotacism from Old Latin arbōs, from Proto-Italic *arðōs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“high; to grow”), meaning "high upright plant". Cognate with arduus (“high”).

Pronunciation

Noun

arbor f (genitive arboris); third declension

  1. a tree
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 10:
      Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam / uulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque leuabat / arboris acclinis trunco
      Meantime, his father at Tiber's flowing stream bathed his wounds in the clear water and his body leant against the trunk of a tree.
    felix arbor ― a fruit-bearing tree
    arbores serere ― to plant trees
    (specifically with the genitive of the species) arbor alni ― an alder tree
    arbores ficorum ― fig trees
  2. (metonymically) something made from a tree, of wood
    arbore mali ― the mast (of a ship)
    Synonym: mālus
    centenaque arbore fluctum verberat adsurgens ― an oar
    Pelias arbor ― Pelias's ship, the ship Argo
    Synonyms: iaculum, pīlum
    (euphemistic) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    arbor infelix ― a gallows, gibbet
  3. (metonymically) the polypus (imagined to have arms like the branches of a tree)

Declension

  • A poetic nominative arbōs is often found. Sextus Pompeius Festus documents archaic (Old Latin) variants arbosem, arboses.
  • A rare locative singular arborī is attested.

Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative arbor arborēs
Genitive arboris arborum
Dative arborī arboribus
Accusative arborem arborēs
Ablative arbore arboribus
Vocative arbor arborēs

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50

Further reading

  • “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “arbor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • arbor in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • arbor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • the vegetable kingdom: arbores stirpesque, herbae stirpesque (De Fin. 5. 11. 33)
    • the trees are coming into leaf: arbores frondescunt
    • to plant trees: arbores serere (De Sen. 7. 24)
    • to fell trees: arbores caedere

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *arawar, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-.

Pronunciation

Noun

arbor n (genitive arbae, nominative plural arbann)

  1. grain
  2. (in the plural) crops

Inflection

Neuter n-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative arborN — arbanL
Vocative arborN — arbanL
Accusative arborN — arbanL
Genitive arbae — arbanN
Dative arbaimL — arbanaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
arbor unchanged n-arbor
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*arawar / *arawen-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 40

Old Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Latin arborem.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈaɾboɾ/, /ˈaɾbol/

Noun

arbor m (plural arbores)

  1. tree
    • c. 1200, Almeric, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 1v. b.
      ally delãt ebrõ. es mõt mãbre. e ouo y grãt arbor. e fue enzina. ala rayz daq̃l arbor estaua abraã.
      There, past Hebron, is the hill Mamre, where there was a great oak tree. Abraham was on the root of that tree.
    • Idem, f. 42v. b.
      e crebantaredes todas cibdades en caſtelladas entodos los arbores fermoſos todas las fontanas del agua cerraredes. entodas las buenas señas abatredes […]
      And you shall defeat all cities and fortified towns, and fell all the good trees, and seal all the springs of water and ruin all the good pieces of land.

Descendants

Romanian

Noun

arbor m (plural arbori)

  1. Alternative form of arbore

Tagalog

Alternative forms

Etymology

Backslang of Spanish robar (“to rob; to steal”).

Pronunciation

Noun

arbor (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇ᜔ᜊᜓᜇ᜔) (slang, back slang)

  1. act of claiming something to be of one's possesion; dibs
    Synonyms: angkin, kuha, kikil
    May mga inumin sa mesa. Arbor ko na yung tsokolate.
    There are food on the table. I call dibs on the chocolate.
    Gusto ko ang pantalon mo ah! Pa-arbor naman niyan!
    I like your pants! Let me own that!
  2. (by extension) act of borrowing
    Synonym: hiram

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Zorc, R. David, San Miguel, Rachel (1993) Tagalog Slang Dictionary‎, Manila: De La Salle University Press, →ISBN
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