ard

English

 ard (plough) on Wikipedia

Etymology

Borrowed from Norwegian ard (“plough”), from Old Norse arðr.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɑɹd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɑːd/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)d

Noun

ard (plural ards)

1. A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil.

Alternative forms

• ard-plough

Translations

Anagrams

• -dar, ADR, DAR, DRA, Dar, Dra, RAD, RDA, dar, rad, rad.

Azerbaijani

Etymology

From Common Turkic *ārt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

ard (definite accusative ardı, plural ardlar)

1. back, rear

   Synonyms: arxa, dal

   Antonyms: qabaq, ön

2. sequel, continuation; something which is continued

   Synonyms: davam, dal

Declension

Derived terms

• ardınca
• ardıcıl

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse arðr (“plough, ard”), from Proto-Germanic *arþrą, cognate with Swedish årder and Norwegian Bokmål ard (whence (English ard). The Germanic word is related to Latin arātrum (“plough”) and Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron, “plough”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

ard c (singular definite arden, plural indefinite arder)

1. (historical) plough, ard

Declension

Irish

Alternative forms

• arad (nonstandard)
• árd (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Pronunciation

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠd̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /aːɾˠd̪ˠ/

Adjective

ard (genitive singular masculine aird, genitive singular feminine airde, plural arda, comparative airde)

1. high, tall
2. loud
3. ambitious

Declension

Derived terms

• airde f (“height; elevation; altitude; level; volume, pitch”)
• ard- (“high; arch-, chief; excellent, noble; advanced”)

Noun

ard m (genitive singular aird, nominative plural arda)

1. height, hillock
2. top, high part
3. elevation (of land)
4. head (of sand, clay)
5. rise
6. ascent

Declension

Derived terms

• os ard

Mutation

References

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ard”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “árd”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 38

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish ard, from Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ø(r)d/

Adjective

ard (plural ardey, comparative yrjey)

1. high
2. tall

Noun

ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

1. height, high place

Noun

ard m (genitive singular ard, plural ardjyn)

1. compass point
2. pole

Derived terms

• ard-ard
• Ard y Jiass
• Ard y Twoaie
• bun-ard

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Megleno-Romanian

Verb

ard

1. Alternative form of ardu

Northern Kurdish

Alternative forms

• ar

Etymology

Compare Persian آرد (ârd, “flour”), Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “ground”) and Old Armenian աղամ (ałam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɑːɾd/

Noun

ard m (Arabic spelling ئارد)

1. flour

   Synonym: arvan

Declension

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ard”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 11

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ardwos (compare Welsh ardd) from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós, from *h₃erdʰ- (compare Latin arduus).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Adjective

ard (equative ardithir, comparative ardu, superlative ardam)

1. high
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23^d23

     Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.

     Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.

Inflection

Noun

ard n (genitive aird, nominative plural arda)

1. height

Inflection

Descendants

• Irish: ard
• Manx: ard
• Scottish Gaelic: àrd

Mutation

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Romanian

Verb

ard

1. inflection of arde:
   1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. third-person plural present indicative

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian آرد (ârd).

Noun

ard

1. flour