are

See also: Appendix:Variations of "are"

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

ARE

Etymology 1

From Middle English aren, from Old English earun, earon (“are”), reinforced by Old Norse plural forms in er- (displacing alternative Old English sind and bēoþ), from Proto-Germanic *arun (“(they) are”), from Proto-Germanic *esi/*izi (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).

Cognate with Old Norse eru (“(they) are”) (> Icelandic eru (“(they) are”), Swedish äro (“(they) are”), Danish er (“(they) are”)), Old English eart (“(thou) art”). More at art.

Alternative forms

ar (obsolete)

Pronunciation

Stressed

(Received Pronunciation) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
(General American) enPR: ar, IPA^(key): /ɑɹ/
(General Australian, New Zealand) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɐː(ɹ)/
(Northern England, Wales) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /aː(ɹ)/
(Ireland) IPA^(key): /aɹ/, /äːɹ/
(now dialectal) IPA^(key): /ɛə(ɹ)/, /ɛː(ɹ)/
(proscribed, rare, due to confusion with "our") IPA^(key): /aʊɚ/, /aʊə/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)
Homophones: argh, r, our

Unstressed

(Received Pronunciation, General Australian, New Zealand) IPA^(key): /ə(ɹ)/
(General American) enPR: är, IPA^(key): /ɚ/
Rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ə(ɹ)

Verb

are

second-person singular simple present of be
Mary, where are you going?
first-person plural simple present of be
We are not coming.
- 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)‎:
  Here we are!
  
  Audio (US) (file)
second-person plural simple present of be
Mary and John, are you listening?
third-person plural simple present of be
They are here somewhere.
(East Yorkshire, Midlands) present of be

Usage notes

The pronunciation /aʊɚ/ arising from confusion of "are" and "our" is rare, however it results as the latter can be elided into /ɑɹ/ in quick speech.

Synonyms

(second-person singular): (archaic) art (used with thou)

Etymology 2

From French are.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɛə/, /ɛː/
(General American) enPR: âr, IPA^(key): /ɛəɹ/, /ɛɹ/
Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Homophones: air, Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, err (one pronunciation); e'er (US)

Noun

are (plural ares)

(rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

Usage notes

Are is now rarely used except in its derivative hectare.

Synonyms

(SI unit): (rare) square decametre

Derived terms

Translations

unit of area

Armenian: ար (hy) (ar)
Bashkir: ар (ar); land area сутый (sutıy)
Catalan: àrea (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 公畝／公亩 (zh) (gōngmǔ)
Czech: ar (cs) m
Danish: ar (da)
Dutch: are (nl) m
Estonian: aar (et)
Finnish: aari (fi)
French: are (fr) m
Galician: área (gl) f
German: Ar (de) n
Greek: άρια (el) n (ária)
Hungarian: ár (hu)
Ingrian: sotka
Irish: ár m
Italian: ara (it) f
Japanese: アール (ja) (āru)
Latvian: ārs m
Macedonian: ар m (ar)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: ar (no) n

Nynorsk: ar n
Occitan: ara (oc) f
Ottoman Turkish: آر
Polish: ar (pl) m inan
Portuguese: are (pt) m
Romanian: ar (ro) n
Russian: ар (ru) m (ar)
Slovak: ár m
Spanish: área (es) f
Swedish: ar (sv) c
Tagalog: arya
Turkish: ar (tr)

Etymology 3

From the phonetic similarity between our and are in many English dialects (both /ɑː(ɹ)/).

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /ɑː(ɹ)/
Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Determiner

are

(UK, US) Misspelling of our.

Usage notes

Sometimes used deliberately as a form of classist humour, as a mocking imitation of a person with little education.

References

^ Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volumes I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 4.432, page 130.

Anagrams

'ear, Aer, EAR, ERA, REA, Rae, Rea, aer-, aër-, ear, era, rea

Basque

Etymology

From Proto-Basque *arhe.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

IPA^(key): /aɾe/
Rhymes: -aɾe
Hyphenation: a‧re

Noun

are inan

rake

Declension

Declension of are (inanimate, ending in vowel)

	indefinite	singular	plural
absolutive	are	area	areak
ergative	arek	areak	areek
dative	areri	areari	areei
genitive	areren	arearen	areen
comitative	arerekin	arearekin	areekin
causative	arerengatik	arearengatik	areengatik
benefactive	arerentzat	arearentzat	areentzat
instrumental	arez	areaz	areez
inessive	aretan	arean	areetan
locative	aretako	areko	areetako
allative	aretara	arera	areetara
terminative	aretaraino	areraino	areetaraino
directive	aretarantz	arerantz	areetarantz
destinative	aretarako	arerako	areetarako
ablative	aretatik	aretik	areetatik
partitive	arerik	—	—
prolative	aretzat	—	—

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French are, from Latin ārea.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaː.rə/
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: are
Rhymes: -aːrə

Noun

are f (plural aren or ares)

are, a unit of surface area

Derived terms

hectare

Descendants

→ Indonesian: are
→ Papiamentu: are

French

Etymology

Learned formation from Latin area, a piece of level ground. Doublet of aire.

Pronunciation

Homophone: art

Noun

are m (plural ares)

an are

Related terms

Descendants

Norwegian Bokmål: ar

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:

are

Wikipedia ^id

Etymology

From Dutch are, from French are, from Latin ārea. Doublet of area.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):
Hyphenation: arê

Noun

arê (first-person possessive areku, second-person possessive aremu, third-person possessive arenya)

are: an SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent.

Related terms

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.re/
Homophone: -are (infinitive verb suffix)
Rhymes: -are
Hyphenation: à‧re

Etymology 1

Variant of aere.

Noun

are m (plural ari)

(archaic) Alternative form of aere

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

are f pl

plural of ara

Anagrams

-erà, Era, Rea, era, rea

Japanese

Romanization

are

Rōmaji transcription of あれ

Latin

Verb

ārē

second-person singular present active imperative of āreō

References

“are”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Lindu

Noun

are

long, large sickle

Mapudungun

Noun

are (Raguileo spelling)

warmth, heat

References

Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Middle English

Etymology 1

Article

are

genitive/dative feminine of an

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

(chiefly Kent and West Midlands) Alternative form of here (“their”)

Etymology 3

Noun

are

Alternative form of hare (“hare”)

Etymology 4

Noun

are

(Northern or Early Middle English) Alternative form of ore (“honour”)

Etymology 5

Noun

are

(Northern) Alternative form of ore (“oar”)

Etymology 6

Verb

are

Alternative form of aren

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Perhaps from a Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German verb.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

are (present tense arar, past tense ara, past participle ara, passive infinitive arast, present participle arande, imperative are/ar)

(reflexive) to suit, fit

Etymology 2

Determiner

are

(dialectal) alternative form of andre

Adjective

are

(dialectal) alternative form of andre

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

are

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) white-tailed eagle

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑːre/

Noun

āre

honor, glory, grace

Declension

Declension of are (weak)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	āre	āran
accusative	āran	āran
genitive	āran	ārena
dative	āran	ārum

Noun

āre

dative singular of ār (“messenger, herald; angel; missionary”)

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from Proto-Germanic *ausô.

Noun

^{The template Template:ofs-noun does not use the parameter(s): 2=āre
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}

are n

ear

Inflection

Declension of āre (neuter n-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	āre	ārene, ārne
genitive	āra	ārana, ārena
dative	āra	ārum, ārem ārenum, ārenem
accusative	āre	ārene, ārne

Descendants

North Frisian:
Föhr: uar

Hallig, Mooring: uur

Helgoland: Uaar
Saterland Frisian: Oor
West Frisian: ear

Pali

Alternative forms

𑀅𑀭𑁂 (Brahmi script)
अरे (Devanagari script)
অরে (Bengali script)
අරෙ (Sinhalese script)
အရေ or ဢရေ (Burmese script)
อเร or อะเร (Thai script)
ᩋᩁᩮ (Tai Tham script)
ອເຣ or ອະເຣ (Lao script)
អរេ (Khmer script)
𑄃𑄢𑄬 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

are

wow, whoa
yay

Derived terms

re

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾi/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾe/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɾɨ/

Rhymes: (Brazil) -aɾi, (Portugal) -aɾɨ
Hyphenation: a‧re

Etymology 1

Noun

are m (plural ares)

(historical) are (unit of area)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

are

inflection of arar:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Cf. Latin habēret, habuerit. Compare Aromanian ari. See also Romanian ar, used in a periphrastic construction of the conditional.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈare/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -are
Hyphenation: a‧re

Verb

are

third-person singular present indicative of avea

Scots

Etymology

From Middle English are, from Old English ār (“honor, worth, dignity”), from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō (“respect, honour”), from *ais- (“to honour, respect, revere”).

Cognate with Dutch eer (“honour, credit”), German Ehre (“honour, glory”), Latin erus (“master, professor”).

Noun

are (uncountable)

(obsolete) grace; mercy

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈaɾe/
Rhymes: -aɾe
Syllabification: a‧re

Verb

are

inflection of arar:
1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
2. third-person singular imperative

Tagalog

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔaˈɾe/,
Rhymes: -e
Syllabification: a‧re

Pronoun

aré (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜇᜒ) (chiefly Batangas, Mindoro, Marinduque)

Alternative form of ari: this one; this
Synonyms: (Manila) ito, (Central Luzon) ire, (Central Luzon) ere

Ano ga are? ― What is this?

Tangam

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *a-lə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *la.

Noun

are

(anatomy) foot, leg

References

Mark W. Post (2017) The Tangam Language: Grammar, Lexicon and Texts, →ISBN

Ternate

Pronunciation

IPA^(key):

Verb

are

(transitive) to scratch

Conjugation

Conjugation of are
	Singular	Plural
	Inclusive	Exclusive
1st	toare	foare	miare
2nd	noare	niare
3rd	Masculine	oare	iare, yoare^†
Feminine	moare
Neuter	iare
† - archaic

References

Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Toraja-Sa'dan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qazay.

Noun

are

ant

Venetian

Noun

are

plural of ara

Wolof

Noun

are (definite form are bi)

stop, especially a bus stop

Yilan Creole

Etymology

From Japanese あれ (are, “that”).

Pronoun

are

third person singular pronoun
that (person or object)

Synonyms

(third person singular pronoun): (Hanhsi) zibun, zin

Coordinate terms

(that):
- kore, are, dore
- koci, aci, doko
- kono, ano, dono
- konna no, anna no, donna no
- konnasite, annasite, donnasite

Derived terms

(third person singular pronoun): aretaci, ataci

References

Chien Yuehchen (2015) “The lexical system of Yilan Creole”, in New Advances in Formosan Linguistics‎, pages 513-532
Chien Yuehchen (2018) “日本語を上層とする宜蘭クレオールの人称代名詞”, in 日本語の研究‎, volume 14, number 4
Chien Yuehchen (2019) “日本語を上層とする宜蘭クレオールの指示詞”, in 社会言語科学 ‎, volume 21, number 2, pages 50-65

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /à.ɾē/

Noun

àre

vindication, justification; justice
excuse, pardon

Derived terms

dáre (“to vindicate”)
jàre (“please, pardon me”)
káre (“well done!”)

Etymology 2

From the same root as eré, iré, and uré, see Proto-Yoruba *V-ré

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ā.ɾé/

Noun

aré

Alternative form of eré (“running, race”)
Alternative form of eré (“speed”)
Alternative form of eré (“play, pastime”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /à.ɾē/

Noun

àre

miserableness; the state of being miserable and aimless

Derived terms

ráre (“to walk around aimlessly”)

[1] Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)‎, volumes I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 4.432, page 130.

	Direct (ang)	Indirect (ng)	Oblique (sa)	Locative (nasa)	Existential	Manner (gaya ng)
Near speaker*	ari/are, iri/ire/idi, yari**	nari/nare, niri/nire/nidi, niyari^†	dini/dine	nandini, narini, nairi/naidi, naari	ere/eri, here/heri, ayri	ganari, ganiri, garini(garni), gayari^†
Near speaker and listener*	ito	nito	dito	nandito, narito, naito**	heto, eto, ayto^†	ganito, garito(garto)**
Near listener	iyan, yaan	niyan	diyan/diyaan	nandiyan/nandiyaan, nariyan(naryan), nayan/nayaan**, naiyan^‡	hayan, ayan	ganiyan(ganyan), gay-an, gariyan
Remote	iyon, yoon, yaon^†	niyon, noon, niyaon^†	doon	nandoon, naron/naroon, nayon/nayoon, nayaon^‡	hayon/hayun, ayon/ayun	ganoon, gayon, gay-on, gayoon^‡,garoon^‡
These two series have merged in modern Tagalog. The first row is used in some dialects, the second row is used anywhere else. *These pronouns are used in some dialects. ^†These pronouns are not commonly used in casual speech but more prevalent in literature. ^‡Rare in text.