arkls

 arkls on Latvian Wikipedia

• (archaic form) arklis

Cognate to Lithuanian arklas. From Proto-Baltic *arklas, masculine counterpart of an earlier *arkla, from *árˀtla, from *artra, from Proto-Indo-European (< *h₂érh₃trom, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”) — whence also the verb art, q.v. —, ultimately from *h₁er- “sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces,” with an instrumental suffix *-trom). Cognates include Old Irish arathar, Middle High German arl, Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron), Latin arātrum. (A separate meaning of "land measure" comes from an earlier variant arklis, originally (13th century) the amount of land that could be plowed with one horse and one plow, later on much more than that; by the late 18th century, arkls and arklis had merged back into one word.)^[1]

• Audio:

  (file)

arkls m (1st declension)

1. plow (device pulled through the ground to break it open into furrows for planting)

   vispārējas nozīmes arkls ― general-purpose plow

   divlemešu, pieclemešu arkls ― two-share, five-share plow

   zirgvilkmes arkls ― horse-drawn plow

   traktorvilkmes, traktora arkls ― tractor plow

   iejūgt zirgu arklā ― to harness the horse to (lit. in) the plow

   iet aiz arkla ― to go behind the plow (= to plow)

   likt pie arkla ― to put (someone) at the plow (= to make him/her plow)

   sniega arkls ― snowplow (device for removing snow)

2. machine for land amelioration work

   grāvju arkls ― backhoe (lit. ditch plow)

3. (historical, feudalism) in feudal times, a measure of land

   viena arkla saimniecība ― a one arkls farm

   arklu revīzija ― (in feudal times) the verification of the area and value of land in farms and estates (for taxation purposes)

• sniega arkls

• arājs
• art, arums