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Catalan
Etymology
Uncertain.
Pronunciation
Verb
arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufí, past participle arrufat)
- (transitive) to wrinkle, to crinkle
- Synonym: arrugar
- (pronominal) to stand on end, to bristle
Conjugation
Derived terms
Further reading
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)
- to incite; to embolden
- (pronominal) to get cocky
Conjugation
|
Singular
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Plural
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First-person (eu)
|
Second-person (ti / tu)
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Third-person (ele / ela / você)
|
First-person (nós)
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Second-person (vós)
|
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
|
Infinitive
|
Impersonal
|
arrufar
|
Personal
|
arrufar
|
arrufares
|
arrufar
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arrufarmos
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arrufardes
|
arrufarem
|
Gerund
|
|
arrufando
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Past participle
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Masculine
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arrufado
|
arrufados
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Feminine
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arrufada
|
arrufadas
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Indicative
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Present
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arrufo
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arrufas
|
arrufa
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arrufamos
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arrufades, arrufais
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arrufam
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Imperfect
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arrufava
|
arrufavas
|
arrufava
|
arrufávamos
|
arrufávades, arrufáveis, arrufávais1
|
arrufavam
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Preterite
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arrufei
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arrufaste, arrufache1
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arrufou
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arrufamos
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arrufastes
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arrufárom, arrufaram
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Pluperfect
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arrufara
|
arrufaras
|
arrufara
|
arrufáramos
|
arrufárades, arrufáreis, arrufárais1
|
arrufaram
|
Future
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arrufarei
|
arrufarás
|
arrufará
|
arrufaremos
|
arrufaredes, arrufareis
|
arrufarám, arrufarão
|
Conditional
|
arrufaria
|
arrufarias
|
arrufaria
|
arrufaríamos
|
arrufaríades, arrufaríeis, arrufaríais1
|
arrufariam
|
Subjunctive
|
Present
|
arrufe
|
arrufes
|
arrufe
|
arrufemos
|
arrufedes, arrufeis
|
arrufem
|
Imperfect
|
arrufasse
|
arrufasses
|
arrufasse
|
arrufássemos
|
arrufássedes, arrufásseis
|
arrufassem
|
Future
|
arrufar
|
arrufares
|
arrufar
|
arrufarmos
|
arrufardes
|
arrufarem
|
Imperative
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Affirmative
|
|
arrufa
|
arrufe
|
arrufemos
|
arrufade, arrufai
|
arrufem
|
Negative (nom)
|
nom arrufes
|
nom arrufe
|
nom arrufemos
|
nom arrufedes, nom arrufeis
|
nom arrufem
|
Derived terms
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “arrufar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “arruf”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “arrufar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “arrufar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “arrufar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “arrufar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Portuguese
Etymology
Uncertain. Probably from Old Galician-Portuguese arrufar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably from a Germanic language: compare English ruffle, Icelandic hrufla.
Pronunciation
Verb
arrufar (first-person singular present arrufo, first-person singular preterite arrufei, past participle arrufado)
- (transitive, reflexive) to anger (to become or cause someone to become angry)
- Synonyms: enraivecer, irritar, zangar, enervar
- Antonym: acalmar
Conjugation
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.