as

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "as"

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Symbol

as

  1. (metrology) Symbol for attosecond, an SI unit of time equal to 10−18 seconds.
  2. (metrology) arcsecond
  3. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Assamese.

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English as, als(a), alswa, from Old English eallswā (“just so; as”), thus representing a reduced form of also. Compare German Low German as, German als, Dutch als.

Pronunciation

  • (stressed) IPA(key): /æz/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æz
  • (unstressed) IPA(key): /əz/

Adverb

as (not comparable)

  1. To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.
    You’re not as tall as I am.
    It's not as well made, but it's twice as expensive.
    • 1908, W B M Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:
      “My Continental prominence is improving,” I commented dryly.
      Von Lindowe cut at a furze bush with his silver-mounted rattan.
      “Quite so,” he said as dryly, his hand at his mustache. “I may say if your intentions were known your life would not be worth a curse.”
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎:
      She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry. His wooing had been brief but incisive.
  2. Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).
    • 1865, The Act of Suicide as Distinct from the Crime of Self-Murder: A Sermon:
    • 1937, Tobias Matthay, On Colouring as Distinct from Tone-inflection: A Lecture, London: Oxford University Press:
  3. (dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)
    • 1820, John Strype, The Life of the Learned Sir Thomas Smith, page 48:
      Likewise many other indulgences were by virtue hereof granted; as, to have a portatile altar, to receive the Sacrament privately; […]
    • 1913, “Aboriginal”, in Webster's Unabridged Dictionary:
      First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America.
Derived terms
Translations
See as/translations § Adverb.

Conjunction

as

  1. In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.
    Do as I say!
    I'm under a lot of pressure, as you know.
    As you wish, my lord!
    The kidnappers released him as agreed.
    • 2001, Jason Manning, Mountain Honor, Signet Book, →ISBN:
      "But he's good as dead, and I ain't about to waste a bullet."
    1. Used after so or as to introduce a comparison.
      She's twice as strong as I was two years ago.
      It's not so complicated as I expected.
    2. Used to introduce a result: with the result that it is.
      • 1868, Proceedings and Debates of the Constitutional Convention Held in 1867 and 1868 in the City of Albany, page 2853:
        [...] that the Board of Regents had fallen into disrepute; that intelligent men inquired what the board was; he said that it was a quiet body, and kept out of the newspapers — and so quiet as to lead many to suppose tho board had ceased to exist.
      • 2006, Eric Manasse, The Twenty-First Man, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 7:
        It was a talent he had developed; he could actually be so quiet as to be practically invisible. In class, he was rarely called upon to answer any questions. In the crowded hallways, he could slip in and out without offending any of the local bullies ...
      • 2011, Herwig C. H. Hofmann, Gerard C. Rowe, Alexander H. Türk, Administrative Law and Policy of the European Union, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 507:
        Under most circumstances, it will be possible to draw a distinction sufficiently clear as to allow an unambiguous allocation to one or other category.
    3. Expressing concession: though.
      • 1843 (first published), Thomas Babington Macaulay, Essays
        We wish, however, to avail ourselves of the interest, transient as it may be, which this work has excited.
      • 2009, Matthew Friedman, Laurie B. Slone, J Friedman, After the War Zone, →ISBN:
        If this happens, be patient and, difficult as it may be, try not to take these reactions personally.
  2. At the time that; during the time when:
    1. At the same instant or moment that: when.
      As I came in, she fled.
    2. At the same time that, during the same time when: while.
      He sleeps as the rain falls.
    3. Varying through time in the same proportion that.
      As my fear grew, so did my legs become heavy.
      As she grew older, she grew wiser.
  3. Being that, considering that, because, since.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:because
    As it’s too late, I quit.
  4. (dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if.
    • 1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. , London: Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, , →OCLC, (please specify the page number):
      I start as from some dreadful dream.
    • 1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt  (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts ij:
      And sodenly there cam a sounde from heven as it had bene the commynge off a myghty wynde […]
    • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies.  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :
      Oft haue I ſeene the haughty Cardinall,
      More like a Souldier then a man o' th' Church,
      As ſtout and proud as he were Lord of all […]
    • 1990, Andrew Fetler, “The third count”, in Triquarterly, number Spring:
      I feel securely fixed on the careering chair, and with the momentum gained I steer myself as on skis to the guard and come to a stop with a happy little flourish.
    • 1992/1993 Winter, Katherine Weissman, “The Divorce Gang”, in Ploughshares, volume 18, number 4, page 202:
      They think they are romantic, tragic figures, exiled as on Elba. They picture themselves as enlightened barons bringing civilization, opportunity, and kindness to the brown-skinned.
    • 2011 January 30, Kyle Wagner, “E-readers lighten a traveler's load But choosing the right unit means weighing features, cost, ease of use”, in Denver Post, page Travel 1:
      Newspapers and magazines would load their graphics, and you could doodle as on the Sony Reader Daily Edition.
  5. (law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.
    The case is dismissed as between Jones and Smith.
    (makes explicit that the case is continued between other parties to the litigation)
    The case is dismissed as against Smith.
    (makes explicit that it is continued against some other defendant)
  6. Functioning as a relative conjunction, and sometimes like a relative pronoun: that, which, who. (See usage notes.)
    He had the same problem as she did getting the lock open.
    • c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      Now will he sit under a medlar tree,
      And wish his mistress were that kind of fruit,
      As maids call medlars, when they laugh alone.
    • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: , 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection v:
      the temper is to be altered and amended, with such things as fortify and strengthen the heart and brain […]
    • 1854, Charles Dickens, “Book I, Chapter II”, in Hard Times. For These Times, London: Bradbury & Evans, , →OCLC:
      ‘Sissy is not a name,’ said Mr. Gradgrind. ‘Don’t call yourself Sissy. Call yourself Cecilia.’
      ‘It’s father as calls me Sissy, sir,’ returned the young girl in a trembling voice, and with another curtsey.
    • 2016, Alan Moore, Jerusalem, Liveright, published 2016, page 99:
      “If I had, if I could hold me head up with the better folk, perhaps I'd think again, but I don't reckon as that's very likely now.”
  7. (rare, now England, Midland US and Southern US, possibly obsolete) Than.
    • 1655, Thomas Fuller, edited by James Nichols, The Church History of Britain, , new edition, volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), London: for Thomas Tegg and Son, , published 1837, →OCLC:
      The king was not more forward to bestow favours on them as they free to deal affronts to others their superiors.
      The spelling has been modernized.
    • 1660, James Howell, Parly of Beasts, page 48:
      Darkness itself is no more opposite to light as their actions were diametricall to their words.
Usage notes
  • Use of as as a relative conjunction meaning "that" dates to late Middle English and was formerly common in standard English, but is now only standard in constructions like "the same issue as she had" or "the identical issue as the appellant raised before"; otherwise, it is informal, found in the dialects of the Midland, Southern, Midwestern and Western US; and of Lancashire, Cheshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire, East Anglia, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire, Berkshire, Bedfordshire, Essex, Somerset, Dorset, Wiltshire, Surrey, and Cornwall; sometimes in Durham, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Somerset; only rarely in Northumberland and Scotland; and only in certain set phrases in Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire and Devon.
Alternative forms
  • -'s (contracted form)
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
See as/translations § Conjunction.

Preposition

as

  1. Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.
    You are not as tall as my sister.
    They are big as houses.
    • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., , , →OCLC, page 0016:
      A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; as, again, the arm-chair in which Bunting now sat forward, staring into the dull, small fire.
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎:
      She was like a Beardsley Salome, he had said. And indeed she had the narrow eyes and the high cheekbone of that creature, and as nearly the sinuosity as is compatible with human symmetry.
  2. In the role of.
    What is your opinion as a parent?
    He was never seen as the boss, but rather as a friend.
    • 2000, Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, St. James encyclopedia of popular culture, volume 2, page 223:
      Directed by Howard Hawks, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes starred Marilyn Monroe as Lorelei and Jane Russell as Dorothy.
    • 2013 July-August, Catherine Clabby, “Focus on Everything”, in American Scientist:
      Not long ago, it was difficult to produce photographs of tiny creatures with every part in focus. […] A photo processing technique called focus stacking has changed that. Developed as a tool to electronically combine the sharpest bits of multiple digital images, focus stacking is a boon to biologists seeking full focus on a micron scale.
  3. by way of
    I bought you a new toy as a special treat.
Usage notes

In traditional standard English as (like than) is a conjunction, not a preposition. The use of pronominal case forms (subject vs. object) therefore depends on the syntactical context. Compare:

  • She loves you just as much as I .
  • She loves you just as much as me.

In modern every day English, this difference may be lost and the use of bare subject forms (I, he, she, we, they) after as may seem pedantic. Only the object forms are used on their own.

  • You are not as tall as I. (formal/dated short form)
  • You are not as tall as me. (informal short form)
  • You are not as tall as I am. (full form)
Derived terms
Translations
See as/translations § Preposition.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin as. Doublet of ace.

Pronunciation

Noun

as (plural ases or asses)

  1. (unit of weight) A libra.
  2. (numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.
    Synonyms: assarion, assarius
Translations
See as/translations § Noun.
Further reading

Etymology 3

a +‎ -s.

Noun

as

  1. (rare) Alternative form of a's.

Etymology 4

Shortening of as hell or as fuck or similar.

Pronunciation

Adverb

as

  1. (New Zealand, slang) Used to intensify an adjective; very much; extremely
    sweet as
    • 2021 May 17, “Language Matters: Sweet as is Kiwi as”, in Stuff‎:
      It also appears in other positions in the sentence: his big as car could hardly fit.
      It's pretty scratched, and dented as.

Etymology 5

as

  1. (stenoscript) Abbreviation of associate and related forms of that word (associated, associating, association, etc.)

References

  1. ^ “as”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ^ Wright, Joseph (1898–1905) The English Dialect Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Anagrams

Achumawi

Pronunciation

Noun

as

  1. water

References

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

Noun

as (plural asse, diminutive assie)

  1. ash
  2. ashes

Etymology 2

From Dutch as, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

Noun

as (plural asse, diminutive assie)

  1. axle
  2. axis

Etymology 3

From Dutch als.

Conjunction

as

  1. if
  2. when

Preposition

as

  1. like

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(ne) h₂óyu kʷíd (“(not) ever, (not) on your life”). compare Ancient Greek οὐ (ou) and Armenian ոչ (očʿ) -ës

Adverb

as

  1. not, neither, nor

Related terms

References

  1. ^ Hyllested, A., & Joseph, B. (2022). Albanian. In T. Olander (Ed.), The Indo-European Language Family: A Phylogenetic Perspective (pp. 223-245). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108758666.013

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin illās.

Article

as pl

  1. the
    As mesachas de Zaragoza ― The girls from Saragossa

Usage notes

The form las, either pronounced as las or as ras, can be found after words ending with -a.

Catalan

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Latin as (“basic Roman unit of money”).

Noun

as m (plural asos)

  1. (games) an ace (the side of a die with a single pip)
  2. (card games) an ace (a card with a single pip, usually of highest rank in a suit)
  3. (figuratively, sports) an ace (an expert)
  4. (historical, metrology) an as or a libra (Roman unit of weight)
  5. (historical, numismatics) an as (Roman unit of money)
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Norse áss, singular of æsir (“the Norse gods”).

Noun

as m (plural asos)

  1. (mythology) One of the Æsir

Etymology 3

Contraction

as

  1. (dialectal) Contraction of the preposition a with the salty article es
Synonyms
  • al (“contraction of a and el”)

Etymology 4

Noun

as

  1. plural of a

Cimbrian

Etymology

Compare German als, English as. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

as

  1. (Sette Comuni) if
    As ze alle khödent azò misses zèinan baar.
    If everyone says it it must be true.

References

  • “as” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Icelandic ás.

Noun

as c (singular definite asen, plural indefinite aser)

  1. one of the Æsir

Inflection

Declension of as
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative as asen aser aserne
genitive as' asens asers asernes

Noun

as n (singular definite asset, plural indefinite asser)

  1. A-flat (A♭)

Inflection

Declension of as
neuter
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative as asset asser asserne
genitive as' assets assers assernes

Verb

as

  1. imperative of ase

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch asche, from Old Dutch *aska, from Proto-West Germanic *askā, from Proto-Germanic *askǭ.

Cognate with Low German Asch, German Asche, English ash, West Frisian jiske, Danish aske, Swedish aska.

Noun

as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)

  2. ash
  3. ashes
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

Noun

as f (plural assen, diminutive asje n)

  2. axis
  3. axle
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: as
  • Negerhollands: az
  • → Indonesian: as
  • → Papiamentu: as (dated)

Etymology 3

Conjunction

as

  1. (The Hague dialect) Alternative spelling of als

Preposition

as

  1. (The Hague dialect) Alternative spelling of als
  2. (The Hague dialect) eive ... as: as ... as

Fala

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās.

Article

as f pl (singular a, masculine u or o, masculine plural us or os)

  1. Feminine plural definite article; the
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme I, Chapter 2: Númerus?:
      As lenguas, idiomas, dialectus o falas tenin un-as funciós mui claras desde o principiu dos siglu i si hai contabilizaus en o mundu un-as 8.000 lenguas, ca un-a con sua importancia numérica relativa, a nossa fala é un tesoiru mais entre elas.
      The tongues, languages or regional variants have some very clear functions since the beginning of the centuries and some 8,000 languages have been accounted for in the world, each with its relative numerical importance, our Fala is another treasure among them.

Pronoun

as

  1. Third person plural feminine accusative pronoun; them

See also

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Finnish

Etymology

From German As (German key notation).

Pronunciation

Noun

as

  1. (music) A-flat

Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension

Inflection of as (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative as asit
genitive asin asien
partitive asia aseja
illative asiin aseihin
singular plural
nominative as asit
accusative nom. as asit
gen. asin
genitive asin asien
partitive asia aseja
inessive asissa aseissa
elative asista aseista
illative asiin aseihin
adessive asilla aseilla
ablative asilta aseilta
allative asille aseille
essive asina aseina
translative asiksi aseiksi
abessive asitta aseitta
instructive — asein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of as (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative asini asini
accusative nom. asini asini
gen. asini
genitive asini asieni
partitive asiani asejani
inessive asissani aseissani
elative asistani aseistani
illative asiini aseihini
adessive asillani aseillani
ablative asiltani aseiltani
allative asilleni aseilleni
essive asinani aseinani
translative asikseni aseikseni
abessive asittani aseittani
instructive — —
comitative — aseineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative asisi asisi
accusative nom. asisi asisi
gen. asisi
genitive asisi asiesi
partitive asiasi asejasi
inessive asissasi aseissasi
elative asistasi aseistasi
illative asiisi aseihisi
adessive asillasi aseillasi
ablative asiltasi aseiltasi
allative asillesi aseillesi
essive asinasi aseinasi
translative asiksesi aseiksesi
abessive asittasi aseittasi
instructive — —
comitative — aseinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative asimme asimme
accusative nom. asimme asimme
gen. asimme
genitive asimme asiemme
partitive asiamme asejamme
inessive asissamme aseissamme
elative asistamme aseistamme
illative asiimme aseihimme
adessive asillamme aseillamme
ablative asiltamme aseiltamme
allative asillemme aseillemme
essive asinamme aseinamme
translative asiksemme aseiksemme
abessive asittamme aseittamme
instructive — —
comitative — aseinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative asinne asinne
accusative nom. asinne asinne
gen. asinne
genitive asinne asienne
partitive asianne asejanne
inessive asissanne aseissanne
elative asistanne aseistanne
illative asiinne aseihinne
adessive asillanne aseillanne
ablative asiltanne aseiltanne
allative asillenne aseillenne
essive asinanne aseinanne
translative asiksenne aseiksenne
abessive asittanne aseittanne
instructive — —
comitative — aseinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative asinsa asinsa
accusative nom. asinsa asinsa
gen. asinsa
genitive asinsa asiensa
partitive asiaan
asiansa 		asejaan
asejansa
inessive asissaan
asissansa 		aseissaan
aseissansa
elative asistaan
asistansa 		aseistaan
aseistansa
illative asiinsa aseihinsa
adessive asillaan
asillansa 		aseillaan
aseillansa
ablative asiltaan
asiltansa 		aseiltaan
aseiltansa
allative asilleen
asillensa 		aseilleen
aseillensa
essive asinaan
asinansa 		aseinaan
aseinansa
translative asikseen
asiksensa 		aseikseen
aseiksensa
abessive asittaan
asittansa 		aseittaan
aseittansa
instructive — —
comitative — aseineen
aseinensa

Derived terms

compounds

Anagrams

French

Etymology 1

From Latin as.

Pronunciation

Noun

as m (plural as)

  1. ace (card of value 1)
  2. ace (expert or pilot)
  3. as (Roman coin)
Derived terms
Descendants
  • → German: As, Ass
  • → Turkish: as
  • → Vietnamese: át

See also

Playing cards in French · cartes à jouer (layout · text)
as deux trois quatre cinq six sept
huit neuf dix valet dame roi joker

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old French as, from Vulgar Latin *as, from Latin habēs.

Pronunciation

Verb

as

  1. second-person singular present indicative of avoir
    Tu as un chien.
    You have a dog.

Further reading

Anagrams

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin axis.

Noun

as m

  1. axis
  2. board

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās, accusative feminine plural of ille (“that”).

Pronunciation

Article

as f pl (feminine singular a, masculine singular o, masculine plural os)

  1. (definite) the
Usage notes

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con as ("with the") contracts to coas, and en as ("in the") contracts to nas.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

as

  1. accusative of elas

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Noun

as n

  1. (music) A flat

Indonesian

Indonesian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia id

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Dutch as (“axis, axle”), from Middle Dutch asse, from Old Dutch *assa, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

Noun

as (first-person possessive asku, second-person possessive asmu, third-person possessive asnya)

  1. axis
    Synonyms: aksis, poros, sumbu
  2. axle
    1. the pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel
      Synonyms: poros, sumbu
    2. axletree: a transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage.
      Synonyms: poros, sumbu
  3. (dialect) propeller shaft in fishing boat.

Etymology 2

From Dutch aas (“ace”), earlier ase, from Middle Dutch aes, from Old French as, from Latin as.

Noun

as (first-person possessive asku, second-person possessive asmu, third-person possessive asnya)

  1. ace:
    1. card with a single spot.
    2. (tennis) point scored without the opponent hitting the ball.
    3. (golf) a hole in one.

Further reading

Ingrian

Spatial inflection of as
→○ illative asse
○ inessive as
○→ elative ast

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Postposition

as (+ illative or allative)

  1. (of time) up to, until
  2. (of distance or motion) all the way to

as (+ elative or ablative)

  1. (of time) ever since
  2. (of distance or motion) all the way from

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 22

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish ass (“out of it”), the third-person singular inflected form of a (“out of”) (compare Scottish Gaelic à), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (compare Latin ex).

Pronunciation

Preposition

as (plus dative, triggers no mutation)

  1. out of
    Tóg leabhar aníos as an mála.
    Take a book out of the bag.
    Tá Cathal ag déanamh bríste as an éadach.
    Cathal is making trousers out of the cloth.
    Bíonn Máire á dhéanamh as fearg.
    Máire does it out of anger
  2. from (a place)
    Beidh Pádraig ag teacht as Meiriceá amárach.
    Pádraig will be coming from America tomorrow.
    Is as an nGearmáin í.
    She is from Germany.
    Bhí torann as an seomra leapa.
    There was a noise from the bedroom.
    Bhí cor as na toim.
    There was a movement from the bushes.
  3. off
    Tá boladh as an madra sin.
    That dog smells (lit. There is a smell off that dog).
Inflection
Inflection of as
Person Normal Emphatic
1st person sing. asam asamsa
2d person sing. asat asatsa
3d sing. masc. as as-san
3d sing. fem. aisti aistise
1st person pl. asainn asainne
2d person pl. asaibh asaibhse
3d person pl. astu astusan
Derived terms

See also Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (as)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish ass.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

as (emphatic as-san)

  1. third-person masculine singular of as (from, off, out of)
    Ní fhuair tú freagra as.
    You didn’t get an answer from him.
Derived terms

Adverb

as

  1. off (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a machine, light, etc.)
    Cas as an raidió.
    Turn off the radio.
    Chuir mé an solas as.
    I switched the light off.
  2. out (in or into a state of non-operation or non-existence: of a fire, etc.)
    Tá an tine as.
    The fire is out.
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Old Irish as (“shoe, slipper”)

Noun

as m (genitive singular asa, nominative plural asa)

  1. (literary) shoe
Declension
Declension of as

Irregular

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative as asa
Vocative a as a asa
Genitive asa as
Dative as asa

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-as na hasa
Genitive an asa na n-as
Dative leis an as

don as

leis na hasa

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

as m (genitive singular asa)

  1. (literary) milk
Declension
Declension of as

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative as
Vocative a as
Genitive asa
Dative as

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an t-as
Genitive an asa
Dative leis an as

don as

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
as n-as has t-as
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Latgalian

Pronunciation

Pronoun

as

  1. Archaic form of es.

References

  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Etruscan: compare lībra and nummus, also loanwords. Original meaning was 'a rectangular bronze plaque weighing a pound'.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /as/,
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /as/,
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈas.s/, (before a vowel)
  • Note: the word is singularly and unreliably attested in poetry, but together with its derivatives usually measures long. It's more likely that it retained the geminate consonant before a vowel than that the vowel itself was lengthened. Most recent dictionaries give it as short, but EDL and certain other etymologists as long; compare far.

Noun

as m (genitive assis); third declension

  1. as; a Roman coin originally made of bronze and weighing one pound, but later made of copper and reduced to two ounces, one ounce, and eventually half an ounce.
    1. a penny, a copper (any coin of similarly low value)
  2. pound as a unit of weight
  3. any undivided unit of measurement
    1. (with ex) a whole estate
  4. a circular flap or valve
  5. any circular object; a slice, disk (also of the moon)

Usage notes

It is especially significant as being the coin of least value in the Classical age; as such it was often used in poetry as representative of the idea of worthlessness—one example being in Vivamus atque amemus, where Catullus mentions "valuing opinions of old men at a single as". Two and a half asses equalled a single sesterce.

Declension

  • The genitive plural is normally assium, but assum is found in Varro.

Third-declension noun (i-stem).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative as assēs
Genitive assis assium
assum
Dative assī assibus
Accusative assem assēs
assīs
Ablative asse assibus
Vocative as assēs

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Catalan: as
  • Old French: as
    • Middle French: as
      • French: as (see there for further descendants)
    • → Middle Dutch: aes
    • → Middle English: as
      • English: ace (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: ace
  • Portuguese: ás, asse
  • Sicilian: asu
  • Spanish: as
  • → English: as
  • → Polish: as

References

  1. ^ Anthologia Latina 741, 1 (1066, 1)
  2. ^ Brent Vine (2016) “"Latin bēs/bessis 'two thirds of an as'"”, in Tavet Tat Satyam: Studies in Honor of Jared S. Klein on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday‎, page 327

Further reading

  • as in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • as in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • as in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • as in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • as in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • as in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish ocus (“and", originally "proximity”), from Proto-Celtic *adgostus (“near”).

Conjunction

as

  1. and

References

Middle English

Etymology 1

Reduction of alswo, alswa, also, from Old English eallswā. The reduced form is more common in this sense from c. 1200.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Conjunction

as

  1. as
Descendants
References

Etymology 2

From Old French as (“ace”), from Latin as, assis (“as (Roman coin)”).

Pronunciation

Noun

as

  1. (dice games) ace (single spot on a die)
  2. (dice games) The lowest possible throw in dice.
  3. (figuratively, by extension) bad luck
Descendants
  • English: ace (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: ace
References

Movima

Verb

as

  1. to sit

Further reading

Navajo

Alternative forms

Interjection

as

  1. oh: expressing surprise

Norman

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

as m (plural as)

  1. (Jersey, card games) ace

Etymology 2

Verb

as

  1. (Guernsey) second-person singular present indicative of aver

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From asa (“to swell”) and asa (“to struggle”).

Noun

as n (definite singular aset, indefinite plural as, definite plural asa)

  1. fermentation
  2. unrest, noice

Verb

as

  1. imperative of asa

References

Occitan

Pronunciation

Verb

as

  1. second-person singular present indicative of aver

Old French

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

as oblique singular, m (oblique plural as, nominative singular as, nominative plural as)

  1. a score of one on a die
Descendants
  • Middle French: as
    • French: as (see there for further descendants)
  • → Middle Dutch: aes
  • → Middle English: as
    • English: ace (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: ace

Etymology 2

Contraction

as

  1. Alternative form of als ("to the")

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

as

  1. second-person singular present indicative of avoir

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • ass (Etymologies 2 and 3)
  • es (Etymology 2)

Etymology 1

Verb

as (triggers lenition in a direct relative clause and eclipsis in an indirect relative clause)

  1. third-person singular present indicative relative of is
Usage notes

Like modern Irish is, this form can be used with the comparative degree of an adjective to form a predicative construction where English would use an attributive construction:

  • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10c21
    Ba torad sa⟨í⟩thir dúun in chrud so ce du·melmis cech túari et ce du·gnemmis a ndu·gníat ar céli, act ní bad nertad na mbráithre et frescsiu fochricce as móo.
    It would be a fruit of labor for us in this way if we consumed every food and if we did what our fellows do, but it would not be a strengthening of the brothers and a hope of a greater reward.
    (literally, “…of a reward that is greater”)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

as

  1. third-person singular masculine of a (“out of”)

Etymology 3

Noun

as n (genitive ais)

  1. milk
    • c. 775, “Táin Bó Fraích”, in Book of Leinster; republished as Ernst Windisch, editor, Táin bó Fraích, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1974, line 164:
      dí laulgaich deec ó mmeltar ól n-aiss ó cech áe
      twelve milk-cows, so that drinks of milk are milked from each of them
Inflection
Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative asN asN asL, asa
Vocative asN asN asL, asa
Accusative asN asN asL, asa
Genitive aisL as asN
Dative asL asaib asaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
as unchanged n-as
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Old Prussian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-.

Pronoun

as

  1. I, the first-person singular pronoun

Inflection

Sg. Pl.
Nom. as mes
Acc. mien mans
Dat. mennei, maim noûmans, noûmas
(nûmans, nûmas, naûmans)
Gen. maisei nouson
(nôson, nousan)

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”).

Noun

ās m (declension unknown)

  1. god
  2. the runic character ᚨ (/a/ or /aː/)

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German als, Dutch als, English as.

Conjunction

as

  1. as
    As ich des Poscht schreib...
    As I write this post...
  2. than
  3. but

Pronoun

as

  1. (relative) which
  2. (relative) who
    Leit as nix zu duh hen
    People who have nothing to do

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

Borrowed from French as.

Pronunciation

Noun

as m animal (diminutive asik)

  1. (card games) ace
    Synonym: (archaic) tuz
  2. (tennis) ace (a serve won without the opponent hitting the ball)

Declension

Declension of as
singular plural
nominative as asy
genitive asa asów
dative asowi asom
accusative asa asy
instrumental asem asami
locative asie asach
vocative asie asy

Noun

as m pers

  1. ace (someone skilled in a certain field)

Declension

Declension of as
singular plural
nominative as asy
genitive asa asów
dative asowi asom
accusative asa asów
instrumental asem asami
locative asie asach
vocative asie asy

Derived terms

adjective
nouns
verbs

Further reading

  • as in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • as in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese as, from Latin illās (with an initial l having disappeared; compare Spanish las).

Pronunciation

 

Article

as f pl

  2. feminine plural of o

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:o.

See also

Portuguese articles (edit)
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Definite articles
(the) 		o a os as
Indefinite articles
(a, an; some) 		um uma uns umas

Pronoun

as f pl

  2. (third person personal) them (as a direct object; the corresponding indirect object is lhes; the form used after prepositions is elas)
    Synonyms: las, nas
    Encontrei-as na rua. ― I met them in the street.

Usage notes

  • as becomes -las after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.
    After ver:
    Posso vê-las? ― May I see them?
    After pôr:
    Quero pô-las ali. ― I want to put them there.
    After fiz:
    Fi-las ficar contente. ― I made them become happy.
    After nos:
    Deu-no-las relutantemente. ― He gave them to us reluctantly.
    After eis:
    Ei-las! ― Behold them!
  • Becomes -nas after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am , -õe , -em, -êm .
    Detêm-nas como prisioneiros. ― They detain them as prisoners.
  • In Brazil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form elas.
    Eu as vi. → Eu vi elas. = "I saw them.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:as.

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se si consigo
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco, com vós vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se si consigo
Indefinite se si consigo

Noun

as m

  1. plural of a

Romagnol

Etymology

From Latin asse(m) (“a penny”), accusative of Latin as (“a penny”).

Pronunciation

  • (Central Romagnol): IPA(key):

Noun

as m (plural ës)

  1. ace
  2. champion
    L’è un as!
    He's a champion!

Noun

as m (plural ës)

  1. axis
    L’as dla tëra.
    The axis of the Earth.

Pronoun

as

  1. same use as a+s, and it's the reflexive pronoun of 1st singular and plural persons and of 2nd person
    As fașén la ca.
    We build the house (to us).

References

  • Masotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 40

Romanian

Etymology

From French as or Italian asso.

Noun

as m (plural ași)

  1. ace

Declension

Declension of as
singular plural
indefinite articulation definite articulation indefinite articulation definite articulation
nominative/accusative (un) as asul (niște) ași așii
genitive/dative (unui) as asului (unor) ași așilor
vocative asule așilor

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al +‎ so. More at as.

Adverb

as

  1. as

Conjunction

as

  1. as

Scottish Gaelic

Particle

as

  1. Creates the superlative when preceding the comparative form of an adjective or an adverb.
    glic (“wise”) → as glice (“wisest”)
    mòr (“big”) → as motha (“biggest”)

Usage notes

Related terms

Semai

Etymology

From Proto-Semai *ʔɑs, from Proto-Aslian , from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ʔas ~ *ʔəs (“to swell”). Cognate with Koho as, Khasi at, Pacoh ayh, Riang ʔas¹.

Adjective

as

  1. swollen

References

  1. ^ Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008) Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia, Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from German As, from Latin as (“as, copper coin”).

Pronunciation

Noun

ȁs m (Cyrillic spelling а̏с)

  1. (card games, sports) ace

Declension

Declension of as
singular plural
nominative as asovi
genitive asa asova
dative asu asovima
accusative as / asa asove
vocative asu asovi
locative asu asovima
instrumental asom asovima

See also

Playing cards in Serbo-Croatian · igraće karte (layout · text)
as, kec dvojka, dvica trojka, trica četvorka, četvrtica petica šestica sedmica
osmica devetka, devetica desetka, desetica dečko, pub, žandar, fant kraljica, dama kralj džoker

Slovene

Pronunciation

Noun

ȃs m anim

  1. (card games) An ace; in a game of cards.
  2. An ace; somebody very proficient at an activity.

Inflection

 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing. ás
gen. sing. ása
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		ás ása ási
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		ása ásov ásov
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		ásu ásoma ásom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		ása ása áse
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		ásu ásih ásih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		ásom ásoma ási

See also

Playing cards in Slovene · igralne karte (layout · text)
as, enka dvojka trojka štirka, štirica petka, petica šestka, šestica sedemka, sedmica
osmica devetka, devetica desetka, desetica fant kraljica, dama kralj joker

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ās.

Pronunciation

Noun

as m (plural ases)

  1. (card games) an ace (in a game of cards)
  2. an ace, a hotshot (somebody very proficient at an activity)
  3. an as#Noun (a Roman coin)

Derived terms

Further reading

Sudovian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵ(h₂). Compare Lithuanian àš (archaic eš), Latvian es, Old Prussian as, es.

Pronoun

aſ

  1. (first-person singular) I

References

  1. ^ Zigmas Zinkevičius (1985) “Lenkų-jotvingių žodynėlis? [A Polish-Yotvingian dictionary?]”, in Baltistica (in Lithuanian), volume 21, number 1, page 69: “aſ ‘aš, l. ja’ 1, 144.”
  2. ^ “àš” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–): “nar. aſ prn. ‘ich’”.

Swedish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German âs. Cf. German Aas, Dutch aas.

Noun

as n

  1. Carrion, carcass (of an animal killed by a predator).
  2. (colloquial, derogatory) an asshole (inconsiderate or otherwise contemptible person)
    Dra åt helvete ditt jävla as!
    Fuck you, you fucking asshole!
Declension
Declension of as 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative as aset as asen
Genitive as asets as asens
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Icelandic ás. If inherited from Old Norse, it would have the form ås.

Noun

as c

  1. one of the gods from Old Norse religion, in particular one of the Æsir
    Synonym: asagud
Declension
Declension of as 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative as asen asar asarna
Genitive as asens asars asarnas

References

Anagrams

Tarifit

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

as (Tifinagh spelling ⴰⵙ)

  1. (intransitive) to come
  2. (transitive) to receive, to be awarded
  3. (intransitive, construed with ak) to suit, to fit
    Fas wer d kiwem ttis
    Fes doesn't suit you.

Usage notes

The verb as is always used with the proximity particle d.

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

  • Verbal noun: twasit (“coming, arrival”)
  • yusin (“upcoming”)

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English arse.

Noun

as

  1. buttocks, backside
  2. bottom, base
  3. reason, meaning, motivation
  4. beginning, source

Derived terms

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish آس (as), from Proto-Turkic *argun, *āŕ.

Noun

as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)

  1. ermine
    Synonyms: kakım, ermin
  2. (dialectal) weasel

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French as. Note that in Ottoman Turkish until its end – though it be that playing cards had been introduced in Turkey by Europeans and French in particular – the card was called بك (bey). Apparently this usage switch is a function of the Law on the Abolishment of Nicknames and Titles from the 26th of November 1934 (Lâkap ve Unvanların Kaldırılması Hakkındaki Kanun).

Noun

as (definite accusative ası, plural aslar)

  1. (card games) ace
Coordinate terms
Playing cards in Turkish · iskambil (layout · text)
as, birli ikili üçlü dörtlü beşli altılı yedili
sekizli dokuzlu onlu bacak, oğlan, vale, fanti, joker kız papaz joker

Etymology 3

Verb

as

  1. second-person singular imperative of asmak

Volapük

Preposition

as (ays, äs)

  1. as

Wagi

Noun

as

  1. woman

Further reading

  • J. Spencer, S. van Cott, B. MacKenzie, G. Muñoz, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Wagi Language

Welsh

Etymology

From English ace.

Pronunciation

Noun

as f (plural asau)

  1. (card games) ace

See also

Playing cards in Welsh · cardiau chwarae (layout · text)
as dau tri pedwar pump chwech saith
wyth naw deg jac / milwr brenhines brenin jocer

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
as unchanged unchanged has
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

Etymology 1

From Old Frisian as, ase, asa, als, alse, alsa, equivalent to al +‎ so. More at as.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

as

  1. if, provided that
  2. as, like (used to form an equating phrase)
    Grut as in hûs. ― Big as a house.
  3. than
    Grutter as in hûs. ― Bigger than a house.
Further reading
  • “as (II)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Etymology 2

From Old Frisian *ax, from Proto-Germanic *ahsō.

Pronunciation

Noun

as c (plural assen, diminutive aske)

  1. axis
  2. axle (of a car)
Further reading
  • “as (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Wolof

Article

as

  1. a small (singular diminutive indefinite article)

Usage notes

Precedes the noun.

Yola

Etymology 1

Verb

as

  1. Alternative form of waas
    • 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      Ich as greatly blin.
      I was greatly mistaken.

Etymology 2

Adverb

as

  1. Alternative form of az
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 14, page 90:
      Shoo ya aam zim to doone, as w' be doone nowe;
      She gave them some to do, as we are doing now;
    • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:
      As ich waant draugh Bloomere's Knough,
      As I went through Bloomer's Knock,
    • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 102:
      Which maate mee hearth as coale as leed.
      Which made my heart as cold as lead.

References

  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26 & 90
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