asbeir

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Old Irish

FWOTD – 19 August 2014

Etymology

From ess- +‎ beirid. The same construction as Latin efferō, which can mean (among other things) “proclaim, declare”, and Ancient Greek ἐκφέρω (ekphérō), which can mean “disclose”.

Pronunciation

Verb

as·beir (prototonic ·epir, verbal noun epert)

  1. to say, utter
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13c13
      Ní érbarid autem uerba as·beir in tóis anfoirbthe.
      Moreover, you pl should not utter words which the imperfect folk utters.
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 26b19
      At·beirmis frib.
      We used to say it to you pl.
    • c. 850, Carlsruhe Glosses on St Augustine’s Soliloquia, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, pp. 1–9, Acr. 14a2
      Bés as·bera-su as n‑ai⟨n⟩m dosom animus ci at·bela.
      Maybe you would say that animus is its name though it may die.
  2. to mention
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28a20
      As·bertar a n-anman arna gaba nech desimrecht diib.
      Their names are mentioned that no one may take example from them.
  3. to speak (a language)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12d6
      ar ní tucci a mbéelre as·biur
      for he does not understand the language I speak

For more quotations using this term, see Citations:asbeir.

Usage notes

The present and imperfect indicative ro-forms as·robair, as·robarad mean “can say, could say”.

Conjugation

Complex, class B I present, t preterite, é future, a subjunctive
1st sg. 2nd sg. 3rd sg. 1st pl. 2nd pl. 3rd pl. Passive sg. Passive pl.
Present indicative Deut. as·biur as·bir as·ber, as·beir; as·robair (ro-form) as·beram as·berid, as·beirid as·berat as·berar, as·ber, as·berr as·bertar
Prot. ··epur, ··epiur ·epir, ·apir ·epir, ·epeir, ·eper, ·eiper ·eprem ·eparr, ·eperr, ·aiperr ·epertar
Imperfect indicative Deut. as·berin, as·beirin, as·berinn, as·beirinn as·bered, as·beired, as·berad; as·robarad (ro-form) as·beirmis; at·beirmis (with infixed pronoun t-) as·bertis, as·beirtis as·berthe, as·beirthe
Prot.
Preterite Deut. as·birt as·bert as·bertatar as·breth
Prot. ·epert ·epertatar
Perfect Deut. as·ruburt, as·rubart as·rubart, as·rubbart as·rubartmar, as·rubartmmar as·rubartaid as·rubartat, as·rubartatar as·rubrad, as·robrad
Prot. ·érburt, ·ǽrburt ·érbart ·érbartatar, ·ǽrbartatar ·érbrad, ·érbrath
Future Deut. as·bǽr, as·bér, as·béer as·béra as·béram as·bérat as·bérthar as·bértar
Prot. ·epér, ·épéer
Conditional Deut.
Prot. ·epérthae, ·epérthæ
Present subjunctive Deut. as·ber as·bere, as·berae, as·bera as·bera as·beram as·beraid as·berat as·berthar; as·robarthar (ro-form)
Prot. ·eper ·érbarae, ·ǽrbara (ro-form) ·érbarid (ro-form) ·epret; ·érbarat (ro-form) ·eperthar; ·érbarthar (ro-form)
Past subjunctive Deut. as·berin, as·berain, as·berinn, as·berainn as·bertha as·berad; as·robrad (ro-form) as·bermis, as·bermais as·robartais (ro-form) as·berthe, as·berthae
Prot. ·epertha; ·érbartha (ro-form) ·epred, ·epreid, ·aipred; ·érbarad, ·ǽrbarad (ro-form) ·epertais ·eperthe, ·eperthae
Imperative epred eprid
Verbal noun epert
Past participle
Verbal of necessity abarta

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: at·beir

Mutation

Internal:

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
as·beir as·beir
pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/ 		as·mbeir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

External:

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
as·beir
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-as·beir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia