astoņi

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Latvian

Etymology

From a previous undeclinable *aštuo- (changed by analogy with septiņi, deviņi), from Proto-Baltic *aśtṓ, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (eight), apparently from *h₂eḱ- (sharp, pointed, angular) (compare ass (sharp)): this number was associated with the stretched fingers of both hands (without the thumb), i.e., 8 tips, points. There is some evidence that the original meaning of this word was 4 rather than 8, i.e., 4 stretched fingers of one hand (without the thumb). Cognates include Lithuanian aštuonì, Old Prussian asmus (eighth), Old Church Slavonic осмь (osmĭ), Russian во́семь (vósemʹ), Belarusian во́сем (vósjem), Ukrainian ві́сім (vísim), Bulgarian о́съм (ósǎm), Czech osm, Polish ośm, Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿 (ahtau), Old High German ahto, German acht, English eight, Proto-Scythian *aštā́, Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭá), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Latin octo.[1]

Pronunciation

Latvian cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal : astoņi
    Ordinal : astotais
    Multiplier : astoņreiz
    Nominal : astoņnieks
    Fractional : astotdaļa
  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Numeral

astoņi

  1. eight (the cipher, the cardinal number eight)
    skaitīt līdz astoņito count to eight
    četri un četri ir astoņifour plus four is eight
    uzrakstīt uz tāfeles astoņito write an eight on the blackboard
    pie pieciem pielikt astoņusto add eight to four
  2. eight (an amount equal to eight)
    astoņi cilvēkieight people
    sastapties pēc astoņiem gadiemto meet (someone) after eight years
    samaksāt astoņus latusto pay eight lats
    astoņus gadus veca meitenean eight-year-old girl
  3. eight o'clock (a moment in time; eight hours after midnight, or after noon)
    pulkstenis ir astoņiit is eight o'clock
    celties astoņos no rītato get up at eight o'clock in the morning
    izrāde sākas astoņos vakarāthe show begins at eight o'clock in the evening
    bibliotēka bija atvērta līdz astoņiem vakarāthe library was open until eight o'clock in the evening

Declension

Coordinate terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “astoņi”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN