avant-garde
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See also: avantgarde and Avantgarde
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde (“vanguard”). Doublet of vanguard and vaward.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /æˈvɑ̃t.ɡɑːd/, /æˈvɑ̃.ɡɑːd/, /ˌæ.vɑ̃ˈɡɑːd/, /ˈæ.vn̩t.ɡɑːd/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˌɑˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/, /əˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌæ.vɑntˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌɑˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/, /əˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌɑˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/, /ˌæˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/
Audio (General Australian): (file)
Noun
avant-garde (plural avant-gardes)
- (obsolete) The vanguard of an army or other force.
- Antonym: arrière-garde
- Any group of people who invent or promote new techniques or concepts, especially in the arts.
- Antonym: arrière-garde
Translations
(obsolete) the vanguard of an army or other force
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group of people promoting new concepts
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Adjective
avant-garde (comparative more avant-garde, superlative most avant-garde)
- Innovative and pioneering, especially when extremely or obviously so.
- Synonyms: underground; see also Thesaurus:innovation
- It was a very avant-garde production.
Translations
innovative and pioneering
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Derived terms
See also
Finnish
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑʋɑntˌɡɑrde/,
- IPA(key): /ˈɑʋɑn(t)ˌɡɑːr(d)/,
- Rhymes: -ɑrde
- Syllabification(key): a‧vant‧gar‧de
- Hyphenation(key): avant‧garde
Noun
avant-garde
- synonym of avantgardismi
Declension
| Inflection of avant-garde (Kotus type 8/nalle, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | avant-garde | — | |
| genitive | avant-garden | — | |
| partitive | avant-gardea | — | |
| illative | avant-gardeen | — | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | avant-garde | — | |
| accusative | nom. | avant-garde | — |
| gen. | avant-garden | ||
| genitive | avant-garden | — | |
| partitive | avant-gardea | — | |
| inessive | avant-gardessa | — | |
| elative | avant-gardesta | — | |
| illative | avant-gardeen | — | |
| adessive | avant-gardella | — | |
| ablative | avant-gardelta | — | |
| allative | avant-gardelle | — | |
| essive | avant-gardena | — | |
| translative | avant-gardeksi | — | |
| abessive | avant-gardetta | — | |
| instructive | — | — | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
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French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French avantgarde. By surface analysis, avant (“before, in front of”) + garde (“guard”).
Pronunciation
Noun
avant-garde f (plural avant-gardes)
- (military) vanguard
- Antonym: arrière-garde
- 1879, Alfred Barbou, Les Trois Républiques françaises : Histoire populaire de la République en France , A. Duquesne:
- Le 11 décembre, les avant-gardes ennemies étaient signalées aux environs de Château-Thierry.
- On December 11, the enemy vanguard was reported in the vicinity of Château-Thierry.
- (figuratively) avant-garde, firing line
- (Marxism) vanguard, the most politicized and conscious part of the proletariat.
- 1917, Vladimir Lenin, “Chapter II, part 1”, in L’État et la Révolution:
- En éduquant le parti ouvrier, le marxisme éduque une avant-garde du prolétariat capable de prendre le pouvoir et de mener le peuple tout entier au socialisme, de diriger et d'organiser un régime nouveau, d'être l'éducateur, le guide et le chef de tous les travailleurs et exploités pour l'organisation de leur vie sociale, sans la bourgeoisie et contre la bourgeoisie. Au contraire, l'opportunisme régnant éduque, dans le parti ouvrier, des représentants des travailleurs les mieux rétribués qui se détachent de la masse : ils "s'accommodent" assez bien du régime capitaliste et vendent pour un plat de lentilles leur droit d'aînesse, c'est-à-dire qu'ils abdiquent leur rôle de chefs révolutionnaires du peuple dans la lutte contre la bourgeoisie.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Danish: avantgarde
- → English: avant-garde
- → German: Avantgarde
- → Korean: 아방가르드 (abanggareudeu)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: avantgarde
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: avantgarde
- → Swedish: avantgarde
- → Turkish: avangart
Further reading
- “avant-garde”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.
Indonesian
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.
Noun
avant-garde
- avant-garde
- Synonyms: garda depan, pelopor, perintis
Further reading
- “avant-garde” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Middle French
Noun
avant-garde f (plural avant-gardes)
Portuguese
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from French avant-garde.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: a‧vant-gar‧de
Noun
avant-garde m (plural avant-gardes)
Adjective
avant-garde m or f (plural avant-gardes)