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Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 23
Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 13
Hungarian
Etymology
The pronoun and determiner senses probably derive from an earlier a[1] + a pronoun-forming suffix -z,[2] where the former element originates from Proto-Uralic*o or *u(“that, that other”).[3] Its cognates include Mokshaомба(omba, “other”), омбоце(omboce, “second”), Eastern Mariумбал(umbal, “far, distant”),[4][5]Udmurtотын(otyn, “there”)[6][7] and Komi-Zyrianата(ata, “here”), асы(asy, “look here”).[3]
The definite article was created by means of conversion,[1][2] originally only in the form az, later shortened to a’ before consonants until the early 20th century, when the spelling a was accepted.
1Semhogy and semmint are conjunctions meaning “(rather) than”, “before” (as in inkább meghal, semhogy… ― he'll rather die than…). 2Valamint is now only used in the sense of “as well as” in enumerations. 3Mindeddig/-addig mean “up until this/that point” (= egészeneddig/addig). Csak following relative pronouns expresses “-ever”, e.g. aki csak(“whoever”); is after “any” pronouns emphasizes “no matter”: akármit is(“no matter what”).
Determiner
az
(used before a noun phrase with a definite article, declined in accordance with the noun phrase it applies to)that
az ügyben(equivalent to abban az ügyben, but with an emphatic az) ― in that matter
az évben(equivalent to abban az évben, but with an emphatic az) ― in that year
az az évi díjak(with an emphatic second az) ― the fees of that year
Usage notes
Because az (in the first, common usage) takes a definite article (the) and van (“is, to be”) is omitted in "who"/"what" statements, some terms are ambiguous. “Az a ház” can mean both “that house” as a phrase and “That is the house” as a whole sentence. The same ambiguity may arise with ez.
1Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template
References
↑ 1.01.1az in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
az in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
(pronoun or determiner):az in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
(definite article, referring to its alternative form “a”):az in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
(the referred entry on the definite article):(3):a in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, line 3:
an, az wee verilie chote,
and, as we truly believe,
1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 12-14:
az avare ye trad dicke londe yer name waz ee-kent var ee vriene o' livertie, an He fo brake ye neckarès o' zlaves.
for before your foot pressed the soil, your name was known to us as the friend of liberty, and he who broke the fetters of the slave.
1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 14-15:
Mang ourzels——var wee dwytheth an Irelonde az ure generale haime——
Unto ourselves——for we look on Ireland to be our common country——
1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 114, lines 23-24:
proo'th, y'at wee alane needeth ye giftes o'generale rights, az be displayte bie ee factes o'thie goveremente.
proves that we alone stood in need of the enjoyment of common privileges, as is demonstrated by the results of your government.
1867, CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 116, lines 10-11:
az Irishmen, an az dwellerès na cosh an loyale o' Baronie Forthe,
as Irishmen, and as inhabitants, faithful and loyal, of the Barony Forth,
References
Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 114