balteus

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English

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Etymology

Borrowed from Latin balteus (“belt, girdle”).

Noun

balteus (plural baltei)

  1. (biblical) The girdle of a biblical Jewish priest.
  2. (Ancient Rome) A swordbelt worn by Roman legionaries.
  3. (architecture) An Ionic ornamental band encircling the pulvinus, or bolster of the capital.
  4. (Roman Catholicism) The subcinctorium, a papal garment.

Anagrams

Latin

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Alternative forms

Etymology

Charisius says Varro considered it of Etruscan origin (compare Etruscan 𐌁𐌀𐌋𐌕𐌄𐌀 (baltea, “belt”)). Ernout and Meillet accept its Etruscan origin and interpret -eus as a characteristic ending of Etruscan loanwords,[1] whereas Bonfante Warren is skeptical of this etymology, noting that the voiced consonant /b/ is foreign to Etruscan.[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

balteus m (genitive balteī); second declension

  1. A belt, girdle
    1. A sub-cinctorium, a papal garment.
  2. (architecture) Synonym of praecinctio (curved walkway that separates the galleries of a Roman theatre)

Usage notes

  • In the Old Testament, Exodus 39:29: A Jewish priest wore a balteus girdle: 3 or 4 fingers in breadth and (according to Rabbinic tradition) 32 ells long; it had to be embroidered after the same pattern and to be of the same colour as the curtain of the forecourt and the tabernacle of the covenant.
  • A balteus (sword belt) was worn by the Roman legionary.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative balteus balteī
genitive balteī balteōrum
dative balteō balteīs
accusative balteum balteōs
ablative balteō balteīs
vocative baltee balteī

Descendants

  • Aromanian: baltsu
  • Italian: balzo
  • Old Occitan:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese:
  • Romanian: balț
  • → Proto-Germanic: *baltijaz (see there for further descendants)
  • → Italian: balteo
  • → Portuguese: bálteo
  • → Spanish: bálteo

References

  1. ^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “balteus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots‎ (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 65
  2. ^ Bonfante Warren, Larissa (1973) “Roman Costumes. A Glossary and Some Etruscan Derivations”, in Philosophie und Wissenschaften, Künste, volume 4, page 602

Further reading

  • “balteus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “balteus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • balteus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • balteus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “balteus”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎
  • “balteus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “balteus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  • Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “balteus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volumes 1: A–B, page 226
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