ban

Translingual

Symbol

ban

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Balinese.

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /bæn/
• (æ-tensing) IPA^(key): ,

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Etymology 1

From Middle English bannen (“to summon; to banish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”), from Proto-West Germanic *bannan; and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.

Verb

ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out.
2. (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban.
3. (transitive) To curse; to execrate.
   • c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, a sermon

     They will curse and ban […] even into the deep pit of hell, all that gainsay their appetite.

4. (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.
   • 1816, Lord Byron, The Prisoner of Chillon:

     To whom the goodly earth and air Are banned

   • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:

     Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.

   • 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.

   Bare feet are banned in this establishment.

5. (transitive, intransitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions.
   • 1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; , volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh:   James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

     :“I seldom ban, sir,” said he to the man; “but if you play any of your hound's-foot tricks, and leave puir Berwick before he's sorted, to rin after spuilzie, deil be wi' me if I do not give your craig a thraw”

Synonyms

• forbid
• prohibit
• disallow

Antonyms

• allow
• permit

Derived terms

• forban
• shadowban

Translations

Noun

ban (plural bans)

1. Prohibition.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. , London: [Samuel Simmons], , →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: , London: Basil Montagu Pickering , 1873, →OCLC:

     That sacred fruit, sacred to abstinence,
     Much more to taste it under ban to touch

2. A public proclamation or edict; a summons by public proclamation. Chiefly, in early use, a summons to arms.

   Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any public notice.

3. The gathering of the (French) king's vassals for war; the whole body of vassals so assembled, or liable to be summoned; originally, the same as arrière-ban: in the 16th c., French usage created a distinction between ban and arrière-ban, for which see the latter word.

   He has sent abroad to assemble his ban and arriere ban.

   The Ban and the Arrierban are met armed in the field to choose a king.

   France was at such a Pinch..that they call'd their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long discussed, and in a manner antiquated.

   The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military services.

   The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled ‘convoking the ban.

4. (obsolete) A curse or anathema.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     With Hecate's ban thrice blasted, thrice infected

5. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• banns

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.

Noun

ban (plural bani)

1. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu.
2. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.

Translations

Etymology 3

From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.

Noun

ban (plural bans)

1. A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit.

Synonyms

• dit, hartley

Derived terms

• deciban

See also

• bit, nat, qubit

Etymology 4

From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

Noun

ban (plural bans)

1. A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.

Related terms

• banat, banate, Banat

Translations

Anagrams

• -nab, -nab-, ABN, BNA, NAB, NBA, nab, nab-

Bambara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Verb

ban

1. to finish

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

Etymology 1

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. ban (a public proclamation or edict)

Derived terms

• bandejar

Etymology 2

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. ban (a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)

Derived terms

• banat

Further reading

• “ban” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ban”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “ban” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “ban” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Chibcha

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /βan/

Noun

ban

1. shame, sorrow, outrage

References

• Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
• Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1991. El vocabulario mosco de 1612. En estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. Programa de investigación del departamento de lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Serie Anual Tomo X San José (Costa Rica). Universidad de Costa Rica.
• Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico Gramática de Lugo. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

Chinese

Etymology

From English ban.

Pronunciation

Verb

ban

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) to ban
2. (Hong Kong Cantonese, of ideas or proposals) to reject

   ban橋／ban桥 [Cantonese]  ―  ben¹ kiu^4-2   ―  to reject an idea

Synonyms

• (to reject): foul

Dutch

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ban. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ban
• Rhymes: -ɑn

Noun

ban m (plural bannen)

1. excommunication, denunciation, shunning
2. anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated
3. magic spell
4. (historical) legal or feudal domain
5. (historical) public declaration
6. (archaic) exile

Derived terms

• balling
• banneling
• huwelijksban

Related terms

• banaal

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English ban.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/
• Hyphenation: ban
• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Homophone: ben

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. a revocation of permission to access or participate

   Synonym: toegangsverbod

   De forumgebruiker die zich heeft misdragen heeft een ban gekregen.

   The forum user that misbehaved has been given a ban.

Usage notes

Mostly common within internet communities.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑn/

Verb

ban

1. inflection of bannen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/

Verb

ban

1. inflection of bannen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. imperative

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑ̃/
• Homophones: banc, bancs, bans

Etymology 1

From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban.

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. (dated) public declaration
2. (dated) announcement of a marriage; banns
3. (East of France, Belgium) territory

Derived terms

• arrière-ban
• en rupture de ban
• mettre au ban
• bannière
• banal
• banir
• bannissement
• banlieue
• abandon
• abandonner
• abandonné
• forban

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban.

Noun

ban m (plural bans)

1. ban (nobleman)

Further reading

• “ban”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.
• Nelly Andrieux-Reix (1989) Ancien français : Fiches de vocabulaire, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, →ISBN, page 22

Haitian Creole

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bã/

Verb

ban

1. give

Synonyms

• ba
• bay

Hokkien

Iberian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Numeral

ban

1. A particle interpreted as the numeral 'one' by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer, and compared to Basque bat (“one”).

Further reading

• Eduardo Orduña , Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco
• Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento

Indonesian

Etymology 1

• From Dutch band, from Middle Dutch bant.
• The sense “band” is a semantic loan from English band.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ban

Noun

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

1. tyre, tire.

   Synonym: tayar (Standard Malay)

2. tape

   Synonym: pita

3. belt

   Synonyms: ikat pinggang, sabuk

4. (physics) band, a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

   Synonym: pita

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ban

Noun

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

1. a road, way, path

   Synonyms: jalan, jalur

2. a track, lane

   Synonym: lintasan

3. (sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)

Etymology 3

From English ban.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Hyphenation: ban

Noun

ban

1. (Internet slang) a ban

   Synonym: blok

Verb

ban

1. (Internet slang) to ban

   Synonym: blokir

Further reading

• “ban” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bˠanˠ/

Noun

ban f pl

1. genitive plural of bean

Mutation

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ban”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Japanese

Romanization

ban

1. Rōmaji transcription of ばん
2. Rōmaji transcription of バン

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from German Bahn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈban/
• Syllabification: ban

Noun

ban m inan

1. train

   Synonym: cuch

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “pociąg”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
• “ban”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Maguindanao

Noun

ban

1. sneeze

Mandarin

Romanization

ban

1. Nonstandard spelling of bān.
2. Nonstandard spelling of bǎn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of bàn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mapudungun

Noun

ban (Raguileo spelling)

1. death

Verb

ban (Raguileo spelling)

1. To die.
2. first-person singular realis form of ban; I died; I have died.

Conjugation

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Maranao

Verb

ban

1. to sneeze

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English bana.

Noun

ban

1. Alternative form of bane

Etymology 2

From Old English bān.

Noun

ban

1. Alternative form of bon

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

Related to Persian بام (bâm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːn/

Noun

ban ?

1. roof

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ban

1. imperative of bane (Etymology 3)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun

ban n

1. (dialectal) alternative form of barn (“child”)

O'odham

Etymology

Cognate with Southeastern Tepehuan bhan, Northern Tepehuan bánai.

Noun

ban (plural ba꞉ban)

1. coyote

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːn/

Noun

bān n (nominative plural bān)

1. bone
2. ivory

Declension

Derived terms

• bānhūs
• bānlēas
• hryċġbān
• sċinbān

Descendants

• Middle English: bon, ban, bane, bone, boon
  • English: bone
  • Geordie English: byen
  • Scots: bane, bean, bain
  • Yola: bane

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ban/

Noun

ban

1. genitive dual/plural of ben

Verb

ban

1. first-person plural imperative of is

Alternative forms

• baán

Mutation

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ban/

Adjective

ban (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن)

1. closed
2. blocked, stopped

Alternative forms

• band

References

• Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

ban

Wikipedia ^pl

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ban/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ban

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Romanian ban.

Noun

ban m animal

1. ban (subdivision of currency)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English ban, from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

Noun

ban m animal

1. (Internet) ban

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Late Proto-Slavic *banъ, from Turkic.

Noun

ban m pers

1. ban (title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)

Declension

Further reading

• ban in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ban in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Alternative forms

• бан (ban) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Etymology

Unknown. Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate. Other theories derive the word from Proto-Slavic *banъ (“master, lord”) (via Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian). Ultimate Mongolian origin (баян (bajan, “rich lord; plutocrat”)) has also been proposed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ban/
• Rhymes: -an

Noun

ban m (plural bani)

1. money; coin
2. ban (unit of currency, one hundredth of a leu)

Usage notes

Usually used in the plural form, bani

Declension

See also

• bancnotă (“paper money, bank note”)
• monedă

References

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bâːn/
• Rhymes: -âːn

Noun

bȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н)

1. ban (title)

Declension

Tagalog

Etymology

From Hokkien 盤／盘 (pôaⁿ, “tray, plate, dish”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈban/,
• Rhymes: -an

Noun

ban (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔)

1. (rare) wheel

   Synonyms: gulong, ruweda

Tarifit

Etymology

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بان (bān).

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Verb

ban (Tifinagh spelling ⴱⴰⵏ)

1. (intransitive) to appear, to emerge

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Related terms

• biyyen (“to show”)
• lbiyyina (“evidence”)

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
• (Huế) IPA^(key):
• (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from 班.

Noun

ban

1. (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
2. group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
3. shift; work period
4. (only in compounds) time period; section of the day

   Synonym: buổi

   ban trưa ― noon

5. (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department

Etymology 2

Noun

(classifier cây, hoa) ban

1. orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata)

Etymology 3

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑.

Noun

ban

1. (medicine) rash

Etymology 4

Noun

ban

1. (Central Vietnam) ball

Etymology 5

Noun

ban

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of pan

Etymology 6

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒.

Verb

ban

1. (archaic) to confer on; to bestow
2. (archaic) to announce; to herald; to proclaim

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from French bain.

Noun

ban (nominative plural bans)

1. bath

Declension

Derived terms

• banön

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ban/
• Rhymes: -an

Noun

ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd)

1. peak

Derived terms

• Pen y Fan
• Bannau Brycheiniog (“Brecon Beacons”)

Mutation

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ban”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yagara

Adjective

ban

1. dirty
2. nasty
3. very angry

References

• State Library of Queensland, ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF THE GREATER BRISBANE AREA, 16 March 2015.

Zazaki

Noun

ban

1. dome, cupola
2. room

Zou

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ban˧˩/

Noun

bàn

1. arm

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41