barn

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:

barn

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• enPR: bärn, IPA^(key): /bɑɹn/
  • (General American, Ireland) IPA^(key): ,
  • (Scotland) IPA^(key):
  • (NYC) IPA^(key):
  • (Received Pronunciation, General South African) IPA^(key):

    • Audio (Southern England)

      (file)

  • (New Zealand, parts of England) IPA^(key):
  • (General Australian, Wales, Boston) IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)n

Etymology 1

From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).

More at rest and barley.

For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.

Noun

English Wikipedia has an article on:

barn (farm)

Wikipedia

English Wikipedia has an article on:

barn (unit)

Wikipedia

barn (plural barns)

1. (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XI, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     One day I was out in the barn and he drifted in. I was currying the horse and he set down on the wheelbarrow and begun to ask questions.

2. (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10⁻²⁸ square metres.
3. (informal, basketball, ice hockey) An arena.

   Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.

4. (slang) A warm and cozy place, especially a bedroom; a roost.

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• Besses o' th' Barn

Verb

barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned)

1. (transitive) To lay up in a barn.

   Synonym: (obsolete) imbarn

   • 1594, William Shakespeare, Lucrece (First Quarto), London: Richard Field, for Iohn Harrison, , →OCLC, line 859:

     But like still-pining Tantalus he sits / And useless barns the harvest of his wits

   • 1645, Thomas Fuller, Good Thoughts in Bad Times; Good Thoughts in Worse Times; Mixt Contemplations in Better Times, published 1863, page 165:

     Hypocrites, in like manner, so act holiness that they pass for saints before men, whose censures often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.

Etymology 2

From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, progeny”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). Doublet of bairn. Cognate to Frisian bern ("child/children"), Middle Dutch baren (“child”).

Noun

barn (plural barns)

1. (dialect, parts of Northern England) A child.

Synonyms

• (child): bairn

Translations

References

• “barn”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “barn”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• Bran, NRAB, bran

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *barnati (“proclaim”). Cognate with Cornish barna.

Verb

barn

1. (transitive) To judge.

Inflection

Conjugation

Derived terms

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish barn, from Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną. Compare English bairn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barn/, /b̥ɑːˀn/,

Noun

barn n (singular definite barnet, plural indefinite børn)

1. child (immature human)

   Dette er ikke et passende sted for børn.

   This is not a fitting place for children.

2. child (human offspring)

   Mine børn er alle flyttet hjemmefra.

   My children have all moved out.

Usage notes

In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-.

Declension

Derived terms

References

• “barn” in Den Danske Ordbog

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -atn

Noun

barn n (genitive singular barns, plural børn)

1. child

Declension

French

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

barn m (plural barns)

1. (physics) barn (unit)

Gothic

Romanization

barn

1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): , (colloquial) , (southeastern)
• Rhymes: -artn, -atn

Noun

barn n (genitive singular barns, nominative plural börn)

1. child

Declension

Derived terms

Italian

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English barn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbarn/
• Rhymes: -arn
• Hyphenation: bàrn

Noun

barn m (invariable)

1. (nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area)

Further reading

• barn in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Middle English

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English bearn, from Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Alternative forms

• bern, bearn, bærn, barne, berne, baren

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barn/, /baːrn/, /bɛrn/

Noun

barn (plural barnes or barnen)

2. A member of one's immediate offspring or progeny.
3. A child, youth, or baby.
   • c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne‎, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:

     Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped […]

     Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals

4. A person; a member of humanity.
5. A younger soldier or fighter.

Related terms

Descendants

• English: barn (obsolete, dialectal)
• Geordie English: bairn
• Scots: bairn
  • → English: bairn
• Yola: barrn

References

• “bā̆rn, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-25.

Etymology 2

Noun

barn

2. Alternative form of bern (“barn”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːɳ/

Noun

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn, definite plural barna or barnene)

1. child

Derived terms

References

• “barn” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:

barn

Wikipedia ⁿⁿ

Alternative forms

• badn, bonn, bån

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną (“child”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”). The plural form born is from the Old Norse u-umlauted form bǫrn. This umlaut can also be seen in Icelandic börn and Danish and Faroese børn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baːrn/, /baːɳ/
• (palatal N) IPA^(key): /baːɲ/ (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Noun

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn or born, definite plural barna or borna)

1. child

Inflection

Derived terms

Related terms

• bera (“to bear, carry”, verb)

References

• “barn” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun

barn n (genitive barns, plural børn)

1. child

Descendants

• Danish: barn

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old Saxon barn, Old English bearn, Old Norse barn.

Noun

barn n

1. child

Declension

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Noun

barn n (genitive barns, plural bǫrn)

1. child

Declension

Descendants

References

• “barn”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English bearn, Old High German barn, Old Norse barn.

Noun

barn n

1. child

Declension

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

• ᛒᛆᚱᚿ (Runic)

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun

barn n

1. child

Declension

acc_pl=barn, børn
acc_pl_d=barnin, børnin
nom_pl=barn, børn
nom_pl_d=barnin, børnin

Descendants

• Swedish: barn

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

barn

Wikipedia ^pl

Etymology

Borrowed from English barn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barn/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -arn
• Syllabification: barn

Noun

barn m inan

1. (nuclear physics) barn (a unit of surface area equal to 10⁻²⁸ square metres)

Declension

Further reading

• barn in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Spanish

Noun

barn m (plural barns)

1. (physics) barn

Further reading

• “barn”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognate with Danish barn, Icelandic barn, Old Saxon barn, Old High German barn, Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːrn/,

• audio

  (file)

Noun

barn n

1. a child (young person)

   Barnen leker

   The children are playing

   Han är bara ett barn / Han är bara barnet

   He is only a child ("Bara vara barnet" (literally, "only be the child") is an alternative way to express the same thing)

2. a child (son or daughter)

   Du är mitt barn

   You are my child

   adoptivbarn

   adopted children

3. (figuratively) a child (descendant, indirectly, for example in religious contexts)
4. (figuratively) a child (follower, like above)

   Guds barn

   God's children

5. (figuratively) a child (someone's creation or the like)
6. (uncountable) barn (a unit of area in nuclear physics)

Declension

Synonyms

• unge
• telning

Derived terms

See also

• pojke
• flicka

References

• barn in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• barn in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• barn in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• barn in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *barnati from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barn/

Noun

barn f (plural barnau)

1. opinion, view
2. judgement, sentence

Derived terms

• barnu (“to adjudge; to pass sentence”)
• Dydd y Farn (“Judgement Day”)

Mutation