beatha

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Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish betha, from Old Irish bethu, from Proto-Celtic *biwotūts (compare Welsh bywyd), from *biwos from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”) (compare Latin vīta, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio, “life”) (accusative 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum))), from *gʷeyh₃-w- (“to live”).

Noun

beatha f (genitive singular beatha or beathadh, nominative plural beathaí)

  1. life; biography
  2. living, livelihood
  3. food, sustenance
    Synonym: bia
Declension
Standard inflection (fourth declension)
Declension of beatha

Fourth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative beatha beathaí
Vocative a bheatha a bheathaí
Genitive beatha beathaí
Dative beatha beathaí

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bheatha na beathaí
Genitive na beatha na mbeathaí
Dative leis an mbeatha

don bheatha

leis na beathaí
Alternative inflection (fifth declension)
Declension of beatha

Fifth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative beatha beathaí
Vocative a bheatha a bheathaí
Genitive beathadh beathaí
Dative beatha
beathaidh (archaic, dialectal) 		beathaí

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an bheatha na beathaí
Genitive na beathadh na mbeathaí
Dative leis an mbeatha
leis an mbeathaidh (archaic, dialectal)

don bheatha
don bheathaidh (archaic, dialectal)

leis na beathaí
Derived terms
  • beo (“alive”)

References

  1. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 37
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 43

Further reading

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

beatha m sg

  1. genitive singular of bith

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
beatha bheatha mbeatha
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish betha,[1] from Old Irish bethu, from Proto-Celtic *biwotūts, from *biwos from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”), from *gʷeih₃w- (“to live”).

Pronunciation

Noun

beatha f (genitive singular beatha, plural beathannan)

  1. life

Declension

Forms without/with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative beatha/a' bheatha beathannan/na beathannan
Genitive beatha/na beatha bheatha/nam beatha
Dative beatha/a' bheatha na beathannan/na beathannan

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of beatha
radical lenition
beatha bheatha

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “betha”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  3. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  4. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “beatha”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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