ber-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ber"

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay ber-, from Classical Malay ber-, from Old Malay bar-,

Pronunciation

Prefix

ber- (verb base)

  1. (intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs
    ‎ber- + ‎pikir (“to think”) → ‎berpikir (“thinking”)
    ‎ber- + ‎renang (“to swim”) → ‎berenang (“swimming”)
  2. (intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs
    ‎ber- + ‎ubah (“to change”) → ‎berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)
  3. (intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self.
    ‎ber- + ‎hias (“dressing”) → ‎berhias (“self-dressing”)

ber- (noun base)

  1. to have; -ed, -d
    ‎ber- + ‎atap (“roof”) → ‎beratap (“roofed”)
    ‎ber- + ‎baju (“clothes”) → ‎berbaju (“clothed”)
    ‎ber- + ‎adik (“younger sibling”) → ‎beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)
  2. to produce
    ‎ber- + ‎telur (“egg”) → ‎bertelur (“to produce egg”)
  3. to use , to wear , to travel by
    ‎ber- + ‎sepatu (“shoes”) → ‎bersepatu (“to wear shoes”)
  4. to work, to engage in the .
    ‎ber- + ‎tani (“farming”) → ‎bertani (“to farm”)
  5. (intransitive, reciprocal) to do in reciprocal situation.
    ‎ber- + ‎tinju (“boxing, hit”) → ‎bertinju (“to hit each other”)
    ‎ber- + ‎teman (“friend”) → ‎berteman (“to be friends with each other”)
  6. (intransitive) duration and length
    ‎ber- + ‎jam (“hour”) → ‎berjam-jam (“hours”)
    ‎ber- + ‎meter (“metre”) → ‎bermeter-meter (“metres”)

ber- (adjective base)

  1. (intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs
    ‎ber- + ‎gembira (“happy”) → ‎bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)
    ‎ber- + ‎sedih (“sad”) → ‎bersedih (“to be in sadness”)

ber- (numeral base)

  1. multiple
    ‎ber- + ‎tiga (“three”) → ‎bertiga (“triple”)
  2. together in a group of
    ‎ber- + ‎tiga (“three”) → ‎bertiga (“in group of three”)
  3. (acting) in a number of groups of at a time
    ‎ber- + ‎tiga (“three”) → ‎bertiga-tiga (“three at a time, three by three”)

Alternative forms

  • be- used in word with initial /r/ or word with final /-ər.C-/ in first syllable
  • bel- only used in the word ajar and unjur

Derived terms

Indonesian terms prefixed with ber-

Further reading

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maR-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

ber- (verb base)

  1. (intransitive) -ing, used to form the continuative aspect of some verbs
    ‎ber- + ‎fikir (“to think”) → ‎berfikir (“thinking”)
    ‎ber- + ‎renang (“to swim”) → ‎berenang (“swimming”)
  2. (intransitive) used to form dynamic verb of some transitive verbs
    ‎ber- + ‎ubah (“to change”) → ‎berubah (“to change (to become something different)”)
  3. (intransitive, reflexive) to do something to the self.
    ‎ber- + ‎hias (“dressing”) → ‎berhias (“self-dressing”)
  4. (intransitive) alternative form of di-.
    ‎ber- + ‎terima (“to accept”) → ‎berterima (“to be accepted”)

ber- (noun base)

  1. to have; -ed, -d
    ‎ber- + ‎atap (“roof”) → ‎beratap (“roofed”)
    ‎ber- + ‎baju (“clothes”) → ‎berbaju (“clothed”)
    ‎ber- + ‎adik (“younger sibling”) → ‎beradik (“profess as someone younger sibling”)
  2. to produce
    ‎ber- + ‎telur (“egg”) → ‎bertelur (“to produce egg”)
  3. to use , to wear , to travel by
    ‎ber- + ‎kasut (“shoes”) → ‎berkasut (“to wear shoes”)
  4. to work, to engage in the .
    ‎ber- + ‎tani (“farming”) → ‎bertani (“to farm”)
  5. (intransitive, reciprocal) to do in reciprocal situation.
    ‎ber- + ‎lawan (“fighting”) → ‎berlawan (“to fight each other”)
    ‎ber- + ‎kawan (“friend”) → ‎berkawan (“to be friends with each other”)

ber- (adjective base)

  1. (intransitive, stative) used to form stative verbs
    ‎ber- + ‎gembira (“happy”) → ‎bergembira (“to be in happiness (to rejoice)”)
    ‎ber- + ‎sedih (“sad”) → ‎bersedih (“to be in sadness”)

ber- (numeral base)

  1. multiple
    ‎ber- + ‎tiga (“three”) → ‎bertiga (“triple”)

Alternative forms

  • be- used in words with initial /r/ in the first syllable and kerja
  • bel- only used in the words ajar and unjur

Derived terms

Malay terms prefixed with ber-

Descendants

  • Indonesian: ber-
  • North Moluccan Malay: ba-

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia