bethu

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From Proto-Celtic *biwotūts (compare Welsh bywyd), from *biwos from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (alive) (compare Latin vīta, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, life), Lithuanian gyvatà (life), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio, life) accusative 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)), from *gʷeyh₃- (to live).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    bethu m

    1. life
      • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3c2
        tri chretim i nÍsu ꝉ isin beothu i táa Ísu iar n-esséirgu
        through belief in Jesus or in the life in which Jesus is after resurrection
      • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15b28
        A mbás tíagme-ni do·áirci bethid dúibsi .i. is ar bethid dúibsi tíagmi-ni bás.
        The death to which we go causes life to you pl, i.e. it is for the sake of life to you that we go to death.

    Declension

    Masculine t-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative bethu
    vocative bethu
    accusative bethaidN, bethu
    genitive bethad
    dative bethaidL, bethu
    Initial mutations of a following adjective:
    • H = triggers aspiration
    • L = triggers lenition
    • N = triggers nasalization

    Descendants

    • Middle Irish: betha

    Mutation

    Mutation of bethu
    radical lenition nasalization
    bethu bethu
    pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/
    mbethu

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading