bethu

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Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *biwotūts (compare Welsh bywyd), from *biwos from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”) (compare Latin vīta, Ancient Greek βίοτος (bíotos), Old Church Slavonic животъ (životŭ, “life”), Lithuanian gyvatà (“life”), Sanskrit जीवित (jīvitá), Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio, “life”) accusative 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)), from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”).

Pronunciation

Noun

bethu m

  1. life
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 3c2
      tri chretim i nÍsu ꝉ isin beothu i táa Ísu iar n-esséirgu
      through belief in Jesus or in the life in which Jesus is after resurrection
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 15b28
      A mbás tíagme-ni do·áirci bethid dúibsi .i. is ar bethid dúibsi tíagmi-ni bás.
      The death to which we go causes life to you pl, i.e. it is for the sake of life to you that we go to death.

Declension

Masculine t-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bethu — —
Vocative bethu — —
Accusative bethaidN, bethu — —
Genitive bethad — —
Dative bethaidL, bethu — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: betha

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
bethu bethu
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ 		mbethu
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Wikious
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Sagapedia