bez

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See also: Bez, beż, běž, bež, bez-, and bez.

English

Etymology 1

See bezantler.

Pronunciation

Noun

bez (plural bezes)

  1. The second tine of an antler's beam, the bezantler.
Translations

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

bez

  1. (nonstandard, dialectal) first-person plural simple present of be
    Synonym: (standard) are
    • 2007 October 20, NiggydaHoe, “Re: 79yr old Nigger Idiot was suspended for racist bullshit”, in alt.music.white-power‎ (Usenet):
      We bez run to 'da good bad white man. He gonna fire 'da ova bad white man.
      If 'da bad white man cain't sayz be niggas bez stupid in 'da heaad, wif' low
      iq an' shit, 'dat mus' mean we bez humans.
  2. (nonstandard, dialectal) third-person plural simple present of be
    Synonym: (standard) are
    • 1860, The Knickerbacker‎, volume 56, Peabody, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 434:
      'They bez goin' like der Tyfel,'
    • 2007 June 13, Mustapha Mond, “Re: Nigger Apologists: Slaves Who Died at Sea Being Honored”, in comp.sys.mac.apps‎ (Usenet):
      >>>>>>> " […] They are not rotting someplace in hell, they bez right
      >>>>>>> here
      >>>>>>> whining wif us."

See also

Anagrams

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin vicis. Compare Aragonese vez.

Noun

bez f (plural bezes)

  1. a time
  2. occasion

References

Basque

Noun

bez

  1. instrumental indefinite of be

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛs

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos.

Noun

bez m inan

  1. elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
Declension
Declension of bez (hard masculine inanimate)
singular plural
nominative bez bezy
genitive bezu bezů
dative bezu bezům
accusative bez bezy
vocative beze bezy
locative bezu bezech
instrumental bezem bezy
Derived terms
adjective
nouns

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Czech bez, from Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.

Preposition

bez

  1. without
    Antonym: s

Further reading

  • bez in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • bez in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • bez in Internetová jazyková příručka

Kashubian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. without
Derived terms
prefix

Etymology 2

Compare Polish bez and Silesian bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. through, across

Further reading

  • Stefan Ramułt (1893) “bez”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego‎ (in Kashubian), page 6
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “bez”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎, volume 1, page 73
  • “bez”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latvian bez and Lithuanian be.

Pronunciation

Preposition

bez (+ genitive)

  1. without
  2. (when telling time) to
    Bez desmit deveni. ― Ten to nine (8:50).

References

  • Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 71

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *beź. Cognates include Latgalian bez and Lithuanian be.

Preposition

bez (with genitive)

  1. without
  2. in addition to
  3. apart from

Derived terms

Masurian

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Syllabification: bez

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. without, lacking

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. Synonym: prżez

Further reading

  • Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “II. bez”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur‎, volume 1, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, pages 165-167

Old Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ.

Noun

bez m inan

  1. elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
Declension
Declension of bez (hard o-stem reducible)
singular dual plural
nominative bez bzy bzi, bzové
genitive bza, bzu bzú bzóv
dative bzu bzoma bzóm
accusative bez bzy bzy
vocative bze bzy bzi, bzové
locative bzě, bzu bzú bziech
instrumental bzem bzoma bzy
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
  • Czech: bez

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. Denotes lack; without
    bez diva ― normally
    bez čísla ― countless
    Umřěl bez časa. ― He died prematurely.
    V ten čas bez města budieše ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Jest juž bez ňeho. ― He's already dead.
  2. Denotes action carried out against someone's wishes.
  3. Denotes interrupted action.
  4. Determines proximity in amount; nearly
Derived terms
Descendants

References

Old Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /bɛs/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /bɛs/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъzъ. First attested in the 15th century.

Noun

bez m animacy unattested

  1. elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
    • 1874-1891 [15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXIV, page 65:
      Bess arborem fetidam
      [Bez arborem fetidam]
Descendants

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. First attested in 1418.

Preposition

bez

  1. without
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Latin-Polish-German Florian Psalter]‎, Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 106, 4:
      Zblandzyly sø na pvsczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)
      [Zbłądzili są na puszczy bez wod (erraverunt in solitudine, in inaquoso)]
  2. contra, against
    • 1897 [1409], Teki Adolfa Pawińskiego, volume IV, number 1742:
      Albertus jan mego czloweka... besz prawa
      [Albertus jął mego człowieka... bez prawa]
    • 1901 [1425], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume II, page 304:
      Ysze Jan Marczina kmecza *Szvinanywa dzirszal gy w yanczwe... y puszczyl gy bez urzandu szemskyego
      [Iże Jan Marcina kmiecia Świnianiwa dzirżał ji w jeństwie... i puścił ji bez urzędu ziemskiego]
    • 1895 [1425], Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej. Collectanea ex Archivo Collegii Iuridici‎, volume VIIIa, page 166:
      Helwig ne poslal trzidzeszanth woszow do laszu Oppatowa besz yego woley
      [Helwig nie posłał trzydziesiąt wozow do lasu opatowa bez jego wolej]
    • 1884, “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume VII, page 564:
      Besz gych dzyaky an eren wyllen
      [Bez jich dzięki an eren wyllen]
  3. besides, except
    • 1858 [c. 1408], “Wyroki sądów miejskich czyli ortyle [Urban court rulings i.e. "Ortyls"]”, in Wacław Aleksander Maciejowski, editor, Historia prawodawstw słowiańskich [History of Slavic lawmaking], volume 6, page 129:
      Mogaly przyszyasznyczy myecz oszobnego pyszarza besz raczkyego, szlowye myesczkyego pyszarza?
      [Mogąli przysiężnicy mieć osobnego pisarza bez radzkiego, słowie miesckiego pisarza?]
  4. before
    • 1886, Emil Kałużniacki, editor, Die polnische Recension der Magdeburger Urtheile und die einschlägigen deutschen, lateinischen und czechischen Sammlungen, page 185:
      Przyszaszely ku przysząstwu besz wyrzeczonego czassv, ten nye moze szye szam szandzycz przez przysząstwa przesz swe obesczye
      [Przysiężeli ku przysięstwu bez wyrzeczonego czasu, ten nie może sie sam zsadzić [prze]z przysięstwa przez swe obeście]
Alternative forms
Derived terms
prefix
Descendants

Etymology 3

From bez, due to confusion with the rhyming preposition przez. The two words were and are used interchangeably in various dialects, and in Old Polish przez was about to replace bez around the 14th-15th century. In the written language the earlier distinction ultimately prevailed, however. First attested in c. 1512.

Preposition

bez

  1. through, by
    • Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa‎, page 103:
      Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrową lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu
      [Bez chytrość (per astutiam) Antypatrowę lepak synowie Herodowi... byli podeźrani ojcu]
Descendants

References

  1. ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “bez”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 21

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish bez.

Noun

bez m inan

  1. elder (bush of genus Sambucus)
  2. lilac (bush of genus Syringa)
    Synonym: lilak
    pachnieć bzem ― to smell of lilac
Declension
Declension of bez
singular plural
nominative bez bzy
genitive bzu bzów
dative bzowi bzom
accusative bez bzy
instrumental bzem bzami
locative bzie bzach
vocative bzie bzy
Derived terms
nouns

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. without, lacking
    Antonym: z
    Proszę o kawę bez mleka. ― A coffee with no milk, please.
  2. (Middle Polish) minus, less
  3. (Middle Polish) contra, against
  4. (Middle Polish) besides, except
  5. (Middle Polish) without; Further details are uncertain.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
prefix

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), bez is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 70 times in scientific texts, 52 times in news, 89 times in essays, 129 times in fiction, and 119 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 459 times, making it the 99th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Etymology 3

Inherited from Old Polish bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. (Poznań) because of
    Synonym: z powodu
  2. (dialectal) across, through
    Synonym: przez
    • 2000, Aneta Majkowska, Polszczyzna mówiona mieszkańców Częstochowy, page 185:
      Nie tu szosą tylko drogą polną bez pola my jechali z chłopem sąsiadki.
      We drove through the fields with the neighbor's man, not on the paved road, but on a dirt road.

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

bez f

  1. genitive plural of beza

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “bez”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 21

Further reading

  • bez in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • bez in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “bez, beze, biez”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “BEZ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2016 November 9
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bez”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 119

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic без (bez), from Proto-Slavic *bez.

Adverb

bez

  1. (dated) without

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare bez- and bes-.

Alternative forms

Preposition

bèz (Cyrillic spelling бѐз) (+ genitive case)

  1. without, excluding, not counting
    bez sumnje ― without a doubt
    ostati bez nečega ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)
    bez obzira na.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is
    bez kraja i konca ― endlessly, without end
    ne bez razloga ― not without a reason
    bez srca ― heartlessly, without a heart
    bez r(ij)eči ― without a word, speechless
    biti bez nečega ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)
Related terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to bezistan, bezli, besofra and bespara.

Pronunciation

Noun

bȅz m (Cyrillic spelling бе̏з)

  1. linen, canvas
  2. (specifically) a type of cotton-made linen or canvas used in Oriental costumes, of several possible forms: ćereće, sedeluk, kafez or kafez-bez, melez, harir, šejtanbez and harirbez.
Declension
Declension of bez
singular
nominative bez
genitive beza
dative bezu
accusative bez
vocative bezu
locative bezu
instrumental bezom

References

  • “bez” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • “bez” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  • Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 140

Silesian

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. without
Derived terms
prefix

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Polish bez.

Preposition

bez

  1. Alternative form of przez

Further reading

  • bez in dykcjonorz.eu
  • bez in silling.org

Slovak

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.

Pronunciation

Preposition

bez (+ genitive)

  1. without
    Antonyms: s, so

Further reading

  • “bez”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024

Tatar

Noun

bez

  1. awl

Turkish

Etymology 1

From Ottoman Turkish بز (bez); see there for more. The ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz), however, an influence from Byzantine Greek βύσσος (bússos) has been postulated in order to explain the mismatch in the vowels.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbez/
  • Hyphenation: bez

Noun

bez (definite accusative bezi, plural bezler)

  1. cloth
Declension
Inflection
Nominative bez
Definite accusative bezi
Singular Plural
Nominative bez bezler
Definite accusative bezi bezleri
Dative beze bezlere
Locative bezde bezlerde
Ablative bezden bezlerden
Genitive bezin bezlerin

Etymology 2

From Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Proto-Turkic *beŕ.

Cognate with Kazakh без (bez, “gland”), Karachay-Balkar без (bez, “gland”), Southern Altai бес (bes, “gland”), Uzbek bez (“gland”), Uyghur بەز (bez, “gland”), Turkmen mäz (“gland”), Bashkir биҙ (biź, “gland”), Tuvan бес (bes, “gland”), Chuvash пар (par, “gland”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbez/
  • Hyphenation: bez

Noun

bez (definite accusative bezi, plural bezler)

  1. (anatomy) gland
Declension
Inflection
Nominative bez
Definite accusative bezi
Singular Plural
Nominative bez bezler
Definite accusative bezi bezleri
Dative beze bezlere
Locative bezde bezlerde
Ablative bezden bezlerden
Genitive bezin bezlerin

References

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2018) “Fabrication of Turkic böz 'fabric' in Japan and Korea”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, volume 71, number 3, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, pages 263–284.
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