binden

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch binden, from Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɪndə(n)/

• audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bin‧den
• Rhymes: -ɪndən

Verb

binden

1. (transitive) To tie.
2. (transitive) To wrap.
3. (transitive) To bind (generally, legally/contractually).
4. (intransitive) To bind, to thicken (of food).

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: bind
• Berbice Creole Dutch: bendi
• Negerhollands: bind, bint, bin

German

Etymology

From Middle High German binden, from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-. Cognate with Low German binnen, Dutch binden, English bind, Danish binde.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɪndən/, ,

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪndn̩

Verb

binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense band, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bände, auxiliary haben)

1. (transitive) to bind, to tie, to fasten something by means of a string etc.

   Er hat den Hund an den Zaun gebunden.

   He's bound the dog to the fence.

   Aus den Zweigen binde ich einen Kranz.

   From the twigs I’ll bind a wreath.

   ein Buch binden ― to bind a book

2. (transitive) to tie, to fasten a string etc.

   Ich binde mir die Schuhe. ― I'm tying my shoes.

   Sie hat sich einen Zopf gebunden.

   She's tied her hair into a ponytail.

   Er hat sich einen Schal um den Hals gebunden.

   He's tied a scarf around his neck.

3. (transitive, often passive voice) to oblige, commit, bind

   Mein Vertrag bindet mich. ― My contract binds me.

   Ich bin vertraglich gebunden. ― I'm bound by a contract.

4. (reflexive) to commit oneself, make a commitment (especially for marriage)
5. (transitive) to make congeal, thicken, set, bond
6. (transitive, of substances) to capture; to absorb (carbon dioxide etc.)
7. (intransitive, of substances) to congeal, thicken, set, bond
8. (phonetics, transitive) to make sandhi, crasis, liaison

   Französische Substantive werden im Singular nicht gebunden.

   There is no liaison with French singular nouns.

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

• “binden” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “binden” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “binden” in Duden online
• “binden” in OpenThesaurus.de

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ-.

Verb

binden

1. To bind, tie.
2. To tie up.
3. To bind (to an obligation).

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

• Dutch: binden
  • Afrikaans: bind
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: bendi
  • Negerhollands: bind, bint, bin
• Limburgish: binje

Further reading

• “binden (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “binden (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Alternative forms

• bynden

Etymology

From Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną; equivalent to bynde +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbiːndən/, /ˈbindən/

Verb

binden

1. To bind, fasten; to make a knot or fastening.
2. To wrap; to enclose in wrapping.
3. To secure, strengthen; to make strong:
   1. To tie up; to strengthen with a knot.
   2. To connect or link (especially by binding):
   3. (figurative) To remember; to keep one's mental connection secure.
   4. (figurative) To strengthen or provide proof for an argument.
4. To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
   1. To restrain a captive; to jail.
   2. To enslave, subordinate, or force.
   3. To enrapture or captivate.
   4. (rare) To take into apprenticeship or training.
5. To enter into a socially binding obligation or agreement:
   1. To enter into a marital relationship; to marry.
   2. (rare, Late Middle English) To copulate; to have sex.
6. To force or compel (to perform an action):
   1. To obligate; to be forced by societal pressure.
   2. To force (into) a socially binding obligation or agreement.
   3. To mete out or proscribe penalties.
   4. To combine; to join; to make one.
7. To decorate or adorn; to add ornaments on.
8. To evacuate; to induce constipation.
9. To unify or join; to make one.
10. To enclose or surround; to fold as to completely conceal.
11. (rare) To cohere; to enjoin with itself.
12. (rare, figurative) To end or finish; to wrap up (for the sense, compare Modern English wrap up)

Usage notes

This verb inherited a system of alternations between the past singular stem vowel (/ɔː/ or /a/ in Middle English) and the past plural and participle stem vowel (/uː/ in Middle English) from Old English and ultimately Proto-Germanic. In the later Middle English period, the vowel of the past plural tended to replace that of the singular, though occasionally the singular form was levelled to the plural instead. The Modern English past tense bound demonstrates the completion of this levelling.

Conjugation

Related terms

Descendants

• English: bind
• Scots: bind

References

• “bī̆nden, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-27.

Middle High German

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German bintan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną. Cognate with Dutch binden and English bind.

Verb

binden (class 3 strong, third-person singular present bindet, past tense bant, past participle gebunden, past subjunctive bünde, auxiliary hân)

1. to bind

Conjugation

Descendants

• Bavarian: bindn
• German: binden
• Luxembourgish: bannen

References

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “binden”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke‎, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Old Saxon bindan (“to bind”), from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną.

Pronunciation

• (originally) IPA^(key): /bɪndən/

Verb

binden

1. To bind.

Conjugation

Descendants

• Low German: binnen
• Plautdietsch: binjen