bivati

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *byvati, imperfective aspect of the verb bȉti (“to be”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bǐːʋati/
  • Hyphenation: bi‧va‧ti

Verb

bívati impf (Cyrillic spelling би́вати)

  1. (intransitive) to be occasionally, happen, occur sometimes
    Tako je to bivalo, biva i bivat će. ― So it has been, is, and will be.
  2. (intransitive, literary) to become, grow
  3. (by extension, auxiliary, Croatia) Used instead of biti to form the continuous passive voice together with the passive past participle of the main verb.
    Ubijali su druge dok je kralj bivao bičevan. ― They were killing the others while the king was being flogged.

Conjugation

Conjugation of bivati
Infinitive: bivati Present verbal adverb: bívajūći Past verbal adverb: — Verbal noun: bívānje
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present bivam bivaš biva bivamo bivate bivaju
Future Future I bivat ću1
bivaću 		bivat ćeš1
bivaćeš 		bivat će1
bivaće 		bivat ćemo1
bivaćemo 		bivat ćete1
bivaćete 		bivat će1
bivaće
Future II bȕdēm bivao2 bȕdēš bivao2 bȕdē bivao2 bȕdēmo bivali2 bȕdēte bivali2 bȕdū bivali2
Past Perfect bivao sam2 bivao si2 bivao je2 bivali smo2 bivali ste2 bivali su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam bivao2 bȉo si bivao2 bȉo je bivao2 bíli smo bivali2 bíli ste bivali2 bíli su bivali2
Imperfect bivah bivaše bivaše bivasmo bivaste bivahu
Conditional I bivao bih2 bivao bi2 bivao bi2 bivali bismo2 bivali biste2 bivali bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih bivao2 bȉo bi bivao2 bȉo bi bivao2 bíli bismo bivali2 bíli biste bivali2 bíli bi bivali2
Imperative — bivaj — bivajmo bivajte —
Active past participle bivao m / bivala f / bivalo n bivali m / bivale f / bivala n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

References

  • “bivati”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
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