borzalom

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Hungarian

Etymology

From the same onomatopoeic stem as borzad, borzas, borzaszt, borzol, borzong + -alom (noun-forming suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Hyphenation: bor‧za‧lom

Noun

borzalom (countable and uncountable, plural borzalmak)

  1. horror, dread, terror
    • 1974, Leo Tolstoy (author), László Németh (translator), Anna Karenina , Bucharest: Kriterion Könyvkiadó (1989), →ISBN, volume 1, part 1, chapter 1, page 6 (English translation by Constance Garnett):
      A mindig gondba borult, szorgoskodó s — ahogy ő tartotta — kicsit együgyű Dolly mozdulatlanul ült ott, kezében a levél, s a borzalom, kétségbeesés és düh kifejezésével nézett rá.
      She, his Dolly, forever fussing and worrying over household details, and limited in her ideas, as he considered, was sitting perfectly still with the letter in her hand, looking at him with an expression of horror, despair, and indignation.

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative borzalom borzalmak
accusative borzalmat borzalmakat
dative borzalomnak borzalmaknak
instrumental borzalommal borzalmakkal
causal-final borzalomért borzalmakért
translative borzalommá borzalmakká
terminative borzalomig borzalmakig
essive-formal borzalomként borzalmakként
essive-modal — —
inessive borzalomban borzalmakban
superessive borzalmon borzalmakon
adessive borzalomnál borzalmaknál
illative borzalomba borzalmakba
sublative borzalomra borzalmakra
allative borzalomhoz borzalmakhoz
elative borzalomból borzalmakból
delative borzalomról borzalmakról
ablative borzalomtól borzalmaktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		borzalomé borzalmaké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		borzaloméi borzalmakéi
Possessive forms of borzalom
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. borzalmam borzalmaim
2nd person sing. borzalmad borzalmaid
3rd person sing. borzalma borzalmai
1st person plural borzalmunk borzalmaink
2nd person plural borzalmatok borzalmaitok
3rd person plural borzalmuk borzalmaik

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Eőry, Vilma. Értelmező szótár+ (“Explanatory Dictionary Plus”). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2007. →ISBN

Further reading

  • borzalom in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • borzalom in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
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