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(zoology) Denoting the upper valve of a brachiopod's shell
1950, Austin Hobart Clark, A monograph of the existing crinoids, page 33:
The first brachials are somewhat broader than long and are not entirely in contact interiorly. The second brachials are squarish. The first and most of the second brachials bear spines […]
1997, Gary D. Webster, David D. Gillette, Lower Carboniferous Echinoderms from Northern Utah and Western Wyoming, page 14:
Cup conical, weakly developed basal flange, six arms per ray, one exotomous branching, all brachials biserial within two to five brachials of branching, cup ornamentation probably striae radiating from base of arms onto basals.
Borrowed from Latinbracchialis, from bracchium(“arm”). The common sense from the use of the arms as a means of violence, as in a fist fight; probably reinforced by the phonetic similarity with brechen (“to break”, compare past tense brach).