brath

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See also: bráð and bráth

English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English brath, broth, braith, from Old Norse bráðr (“hasty, sudden”), from Proto-Germanic *brēþaz (“hot, in a hurry, rushed”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrē-, *bʰerē- (“steam, vapour”), from *bʰer- (“to seethe, toss about, cook”). Cognate with Icelandic bráður (“quick, hasty, excited”), Swedish bråd (“hasty, sudden, urgent”), Danish bråd (“hasty, sudden”). Related to breath, brew.

Adjective

brath (comparative brather or more brath, superlative brathest or most brath)

  1. (UK dialectal) Hasty; violent; fierce; strong.
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle English brath, from Old Norse bráð (“haste”), from bráðr (“hasty”). See above.

Noun

brath (uncountable)

  1. (UK dialectal) Violence; fierceness; anger; fury; fit of rage.

Anagrams

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish brath, from Old Irish mrath (“treachery, betrayal”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *mratom (“deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“crumble, destroy”).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

brath m (genitive singular as substantive braith, genitive as verbal noun braite)

  1. verbal noun of braith
  2. perception, feeling, detection
  3. spying, betrayal
  4. expectation, intention; dependence, reliance (with ar (“on”))
    Tá mé ag brath ort.
    I’m relying on you.

Declension

Verbal noun:

Declension of brath (irregular, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative brath
vocative a bhrath
genitive braite
dative brath
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an brath
genitive an bhraite
dative leis an mbrath
don bhrath

Substantive:

Declension of brath (first declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative brath
vocative a bhraith
genitive braith
dative brath
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an brath
genitive an bhraith
dative leis an mbrath
don bhrath

Mutation

Mutated forms of brath
radical lenition eclipsis
brath bhrath mbrath

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mrato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 188, page 94
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 175, page 67

Further reading

  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brath”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Mullen, Alex (2019) Southern Gaul and the Mediterranean: Multilingualism and Multiple Identities in the Iron Age and Roman Periods, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
  • Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish brath, from Old Irish mrath (“treachery, betrayal”), from Proto-Celtic *mratom (“deceit”), from Proto-Indo-European *merh₂- (“crumble, destroy”).

Pronunciation

Noun

brath m (genitive singular bratha)

  1. knowledge, notice, informing, information
  2. treachery, advantage by unfair means, betraying, spying
  3. treason, betrayal
  4. intention, design
  5. pursuit of information
  6. expectation
  7. opinion, idea, guess
  8. mass, lump
  9. lie
  10. dependence

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of brath
radical lenition
brath bhrath

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “brath”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brath”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*mrato-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  • Mullen, Alex (2019) Southern Gaul and the Mediterranean: Multilingualism and Multiple Identities in the Iron Age and Roman Periods, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
  • Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *brazdos, alternative form of *brozdos (“point, tip”) (compare Middle Irish brot (“goad, spike”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰresdʰh₁-, from *bʰers- (“tip, point”). Related to Old Norse broddr.

Pronunciation

Noun

brath m (plural brathau)

  1. bite, sting, stab
  2. wound, injury

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of brath
radical soft nasal aspirate
brath frath mrath unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “brath”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brozdo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 80
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