brjóta

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse brjóta, from Proto-Germanic *breutaną.

Pronunciation

Verb

brjóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative braut, third-person plural past indicative brutu, supine brotið)

  1. to break
    Synonyms: mölva, smalla
  2. (of laundry, paper, etc.) to fold
    Synonyms: brjóta saman, leggja saman
  3. (impersonal) to break
    Sjórinn var ófær ef öldu braut á eyjunni.
    The sea was impassable if a wave broke on the island.
    Ölduna braut á skerinu.
    The wave broke on the skerry.
    Bátinn braut í spón.
    The boat was smashed into pieces.

Conjugation

brjóta — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að brjóta
supine
(sagnbót) 		brotið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		brjótandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég brýt við brjótum present
(nútíð) 		ég brjóti við brjótum
þú brýtur þið brjótið þú brjótir þið brjótið
hann, hún, það brýtur þeir, þær, þau brjóta hann, hún, það brjóti þeir, þær, þau brjóti
past
(þátíð) 		ég braut við brutum past
(þátíð) 		ég bryti við brytum
þú braust þið brutuð þú brytir þið brytuð
hann, hún, það braut þeir, þær, þau brutu hann, hún, það bryti þeir, þær, þau brytu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		brjót (þú) brjótið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
brjóttu brjótiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
brjótast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að brjótast
supine
(sagnbót) 		brotist
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		brjótandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég brýst við brjótumst present
(nútíð) 		ég brjótist við brjótumst
þú brýst þið brjótist þú brjótist þið brjótist
hann, hún, það brýst þeir, þær, þau brjótast hann, hún, það brjótist þeir, þær, þau brjótist
past
(þátíð) 		ég braust við brutumst past
(þátíð) 		ég brytist við brytumst
þú braust þið brutust þú brytist þið brytust
hann, hún, það braust þeir, þær, þau brutust hann, hún, það brytist þeir, þær, þau brytust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		brjóst (þú) brjótist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
brjóstu brjótisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
brotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		brotinn brotin brotið brotnir brotnar brotin
accusative
(þolfall) 		brotinn brotna brotið brotna brotnar brotin
dative
(þágufall) 		brotnum brotinni brotnu brotnum brotnum brotnum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		brotins brotinnar brotins brotinna brotinna brotinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		brotni brotna brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu
accusative
(þolfall) 		brotna brotnu brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu
dative
(þágufall) 		brotna brotnu brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		brotna brotnu brotna brotnu brotnu brotnu

Derived terms

Derived terms

References

Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Norse ᛒᛡᚱᚢᛏᛉ (bᴀrutʀ /⁠bᵃrȳtʀ⁠/), ᛒᛡᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ (bᴀriutiþ /⁠bᵃriutiþ⁠/), from Proto-Germanic *breutaną.

Verb

brjóta (singular past indicative braut, plural past indicative brutu, past participle brotinn)

  1. (transitive) to break
  2. (transitive) to break open
  3. (transitive) to destroy, demolish
  4. (transitive) to break, violate, transgress
    en ér konungr brutuð lǫg á Agli
    but you, King, broke the law in Egil's case
  5. (transitive) to force, compel
    Synonym: þvinga

Conjugation

Conjugation of brjóta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive brjóta
present participle brjótandi
past participle brotinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular brýt braut
2nd-person singular brýtr brauzt
3rd-person singular brýtr braut
1st-person plural brjótum brutum
2nd-person plural brjótið brutuð
3rd-person plural brjóta brutu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular brjóta bryta
2nd-person singular brjótir brytir
3rd-person singular brjóti bryti
1st-person plural brjótim brytim
2nd-person plural brjótið brytið
3rd-person plural brjóti bryti
imperative present
2nd-person singular brjót
1st-person plural brjótum
2nd-person plural brjótið
Conjugation of brjóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive brjótask
present participle brjótandisk
past participle brotizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular brjótumk brutumk
2nd-person singular brýzk brauzk
3rd-person singular brýzk brauzk
1st-person plural brjótumsk brutumsk
2nd-person plural brjótizk brutuzk
3rd-person plural brjótask brutusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular brjótumk brytumk
2nd-person singular brjótisk brytisk
3rd-person singular brjótisk brytisk
1st-person plural brjótimsk brytimsk
2nd-person plural brjótizk brytizk
3rd-person plural brjótisk brytisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular brjózk
1st-person plural brjótumsk
2nd-person plural brjótizk

Descendants

References

  • “brjóta”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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