bruire

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French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *brūgere (attested in the third-person singular indicative form brugit), from a crossing of Latin rugīre (compare French rugir) + *bragere (whence French braire). Compare English burr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /bʁɥiʁ/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

bruire

  1. to make a low noise
  2. to rustle
  3. to rattle
  4. to roar

Conjugation

  • This verb is conjugated as if it ended in -ir.
  • Archaic forms based on the conjugation of fuir (e.g. bruyais) may also be encountered.

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of bruire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple bruire
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple bruissant
/bʁɥi.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle brui
/bʁɥi/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present bruis
/bʁɥi/ 		bruis
/bʁɥi/ 		bruit
/bʁɥi/ 		bruissons
/bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ 		bruissez
/bʁɥi.se/ 		bruissent
/bʁɥis/
imperfect bruissais
/bʁɥi.sɛ/ 		bruissais
/bʁɥi.sɛ/ 		bruissait
/bʁɥi.sɛ/ 		bruissions
/bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ 		bruissiez
/bʁɥi.sje/ 		bruissaient
/bʁɥi.sɛ/
past historic2 bruis
/bʁɥi/ 		bruis
/bʁɥi/ 		bruit
/bʁɥi/ 		bruîmes
/bʁɥim/ 		bruîtes
/bʁɥit/ 		bruirent
/bʁɥiʁ/
future bruirai
/bʁɥi.ʁe/ 		bruiras
/bʁɥi.ʁa/ 		bruira
/bʁɥi.ʁa/ 		bruirons
/bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/ 		bruirez
/bʁɥi.ʁe/ 		bruiront
/bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/
conditional bruirais
/bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ 		bruirais
/bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ 		bruirait
/bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ 		bruirions
/bʁɥi.ʁjɔ̃/ 		bruiriez
/bʁɥi.ʁje/ 		bruiraient
/bʁɥi.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present bruisse
/bʁɥis/ 		bruisses
/bʁɥis/ 		bruisse
/bʁɥis/ 		bruissions
/bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ 		bruissiez
/bʁɥi.sje/ 		bruissent
/bʁɥis/
imperfect2 bruisse
/bʁɥis/ 		bruisses
/bʁɥis/ 		bruît
/bʁɥi/ 		bruissions
/bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ 		bruissiez
/bʁɥi.sje/ 		bruissent
/bʁɥis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — bruis
/bʁɥi/ 		— bruissons
/bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ 		bruissez
/bʁɥi.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Italian

Verb

bruìre (first-person singular present (rare) bruìsco, first-person singular past historic bruìi, no past participle) (intransitive, literary)

  1. to gurgle

Conjugation

    Conjugation of bruìre (-ire; defective) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
infinitive bruìre
auxiliary verb — gerund bruèndo
present participle bruènte past participle —
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative io tu lui/lei, esso/essa noi voi loro, essi/esse
present bruìsco1 bruìsci1 bruìsce1 bruiàmo1 bruìte1 bruìscono1
imperfect bruìvo bruìvi bruìva bruivàmo bruivàte bruìvano
past historic bruìi bruìsti bruì bruìmmo bruìste bruìrono
future bruirò bruirài bruirà bruirémo bruiréte bruirànno
conditional bruirèi bruirésti bruirèbbe, bruirébbe bruirémmo bruiréste bruirèbbero, bruirébbero
subjunctive che io che tu che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa che noi che voi che loro, che essi/che esse
present bruìsca bruìsca bruìsca bruiàmo bruiàte bruìscano
imperfect bruìssi bruìssi bruìsse bruìssimo bruìste bruìssero
imperative — tu Lei noi voi Loro
bruìsci bruìsca bruiàmo bruìte bruìscano
negative imperative non bruìre non bruìsca non bruiàmo non bruìte non bruìscano

1Rare.

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