bruise

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English

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Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to break”):

Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic бръснути (brŭsnuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).

Pronunciation

Verb

bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)

  1. (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
  2. (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
  3. (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.
    Bananas bruise easily.
  4. (intransitive) To become bruised.
    I bruise easily.
  5. (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.
  6. (transitive, figurative) To harm or injure.
    Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego.
  7. (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.

Derived terms

Translations

A bruise (def. 1) caused by a handrail
A bruise (def. 2) on a quince

Noun

bruise (plural bruises)

  1. A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
  2. A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

Synonyms

Hypernyms

Translations

Anagrams

Dutch

Verb

bruise

  1. (dated or formal) singular present subjunctive of bruisen

Irish

Noun

bruise f sg

  1. genitive singular of bruis (“brush; pubic hair”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bruise bhruise mbruise
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia