bruka

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See also: brúka

Albanian

Noun

bruka

  1. indefinite nominative/accusative plural and definite nominative singular of brukë

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

Verb

brùka

  1. third-person singular present of brukti
  2. third-person plural present of brukti

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Noun

bruka

  1. genitive singular of bruk
  2. accusative singular of bruk
  3. nominative dual of bruk

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Noun

bruka n

  1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

bruka n

  1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German bruken.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

bruka (present tense brukar/bruker, past tense bruka/brukte, past participle bruka/brukt, passive infinitive brukast, present participle brukande, imperative bruka/bruk)

  1. to use
Synonyms
Derived terms

References

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.

Verb

brūka

  1. to use

Inflection

Conjugation of brūka (strong class 2)
infinitive brūka
indicative present past
1st person singular brūke brāk
2nd person singular brūkest, brūkst brākest, brākst
3rd person singular brūketh, brūkth brāk
plural brūkath breken
subjunctive present past
singular brūke breke
plural brūke, brūken breke, breken
imperative present
singular brūk
plural brūketh
participle present past
brūkande ebreken, breken

Descendants

  • North Frisian: bruwcken
  • Saterland Frisian: bruke
  • West Frisian: brûke

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈbru.ka/
  • Rhymes: -uka
  • Syllabification: bru‧ka

Verb

bruka

  1. third-person singular present of brukać

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /brûka/
  • Hyphenation: bru‧ka

Noun

brȕka f (Cyrillic spelling бру̏ка)

  1. (informal, slang) shame, disgrace
  2. (informal, slang) person in disgrace

Declension

Declension of bruka
singular plural
nominative brȕka bruke
genitive bruke brȗkā
dative bruci brukama
accusative bruku bruke
vocative bruko bruke
locative bruci brukama
instrumental brukom brukama

Related terms

Swedish

Etymology

From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Verb

bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)

  1. (auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of
    Han brukar äta majs
    He often / regularly eats corn
    Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna.
    He used to sail around the lake in the summer.
  2. to cultivate, till, farm
  3. (dated) to make use of

Usage notes

Like English used to, but as natural-sounding in the present tense as in the past tense.

Conjugation

Conjugation of bruka (weak)
Active Passive
Infinitive bruka brukas
Supine brukat brukats
Imperative bruka —
Imper. plural1 bruken —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative brukar brukade brukas brukades
Ind. plural1 bruka brukade brukas brukades
Subjunctive2 bruke brukade brukes brukades
Participles
Present participle brukande
Past participle brukad
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

Descendants

Further reading

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