bruken

Low German

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.

Verb

bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)

   Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.

   You don’t need to wait for me.

   (or Du musst nich op mi to töven, see usage notes)

Usage notes

• In a negative sentence, möten or dörven are often used instead of bruken. For example, “you don’t need to go yet” is usually translated by du musst noch nich gahn instead of du bruukst noch nich to gahn.
• The verb nödig hebben is used to express the need of something.

Conjugation

Etymology 2

From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.

Verb

bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. to use

Conjugation

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.

Verb

bruken

1. to use
2. to enjoy (the use/benefit of)
3. to lease (of land)
4. to sell (of small things)

Inflection

Derived terms

• gebruken
• misbruken
• ontbruken

Descendants

• Dutch: bruiken (archaic)
• Limburgish: broeke

Further reading

• “bruken”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “bruken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Middle Low German

Etymology

From Old Saxon brūkan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bruːkən/

Verb

brûken

1. to use, utilise, to make use of either an object or a right
2. to enjoy, to have use from
3. to need
4. to work in a craft

Declension

Descendants

• Low German: bruken
• → Danish: bruge
• → Icelandic: brúka
• → Faroese: brúka
• → Norwegian Bokmål: bruke
• → Norwegian Nynorsk: bruke
• → Swedish: bruka
  • → Finnish: ruukata

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• bruket

Noun

bruken m or n

1. definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• bruket

Noun

bruken m or n

1. definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)

Swedish

Noun

bruken

1. definite plural of bruk

Anagrams

• burken