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Probably loaned from a different Italic language such as Oscan, where the word could have referred to any creeping small animal such as a hamster. The connection with Proto-Slavic*žaba(“toad”) is uncertain, as the initial vowel cannot reflect a common Indo-European origin. Per Vasmer cognate with Latinbōs, bovis, reflecting an ancient folk belief that toads — like other animals — were thought to steal milk from livestock. Compare typologically Latin caprimulgus, Proto-Slavic *(s)mъlžь (< Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-, whence also English milk).
“bufo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“bufo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
bufo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“bufo”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bufo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
c. 1275, Alfonso X, General Estoria, primera parte, (ed. by Pedro Sánchez Prieto-Borja, Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, 2002):
Del comer de las aves. De las aves, que son otrossí las animalias del tercero elemento, les dixo assí, que nin comiessen águila nin aztor nin bufo nin...
On the eating of birds. Regarding birds, which are moreover the third element animals, He told them thus: they should not eat neither eagle, nor goshawk, nor owl, nor...