bustum

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Latin

Etymology

Backformed from compounds of Latin ūrere, ustum (“to burn”), via metanalysis of amb-ustum as am-bustum, which also led to combūrō. The interpretation of the word was thus "place for burning things around" > "place for funeral pyres" > "burial mound", whence later senses of "upper torso" in descendant languages.[1] Compare also the etymology of the related Italian bruciare (“to burn”).

Pronunciation

Noun

bustum n (genitive bustī); second declension

  1. burial mound, grave, tomb
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.551–552:
      bustīs exīsse feruntur et tacitae questī tempore noctis avī
      their forefathers are said to have come forth from their tombs, and to have uttered their complaints in the hours of the still night
      1851. The Fasti &c of Ovid. Trans. Henry T. Riley. London: H. G. Bohn. pg. 71.
  2. a place for burning funeral pyres (with human remains interred at or near the site)

See Roman funerary practices

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

singular plural
nominative bustum busta
genitive bustī bustōrum
dative bustō bustīs
accusative bustum busta
ablative bustō bustīs
vocative bustum busta

Descendants

Descendants
  • Catalan: bust
  • → English: bust
  • Dalmatian: buast
  • → Irish: busta
  • → Ancient Greek: βοῦστον (boûston)
  • Italian: busto
  • Portuguese: busto
  • Spanish: busto

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bustum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 77

Further reading

  • “bustum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “bustum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • bustum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • bustum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “bustum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “bustum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
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