From Middle Welsh bwrw, from Proto-Brythonic *burɣid, from Proto-Celtic *borgīti (compare Old Irish ·díbairg (“throws”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-éye-ti, an "eye"-causative form of *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise up, elevate”).[1]
bwrw (first-person singular present bwriaf)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | bwriaf | bwri | bwria | bwriwn | bwriwch | bwriant | bwrir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | bwriwn | bwrit | bwriai | bwriem | bwriech | bwrient | bwrid | |
preterite | bwriais | bwriaist | bwriodd | bwriasom | bwriasoch | bwriasant | bwriwyd | |
pluperfect | bwriaswn | bwriasit | bwriasai | bwriasem | bwriasech | bwriasent | bwriasid, bwriesid | |
present subjunctive | bwriwyf | bwriech | bwrio | bwriom | bwrioch | bwriont | bwrier | |
imperative | — | bwra, bwria | bwried | bwriwn | bwriwch | bwrient | bwrier | |
verbal noun | bwrw | |||||||
verbal adjectives | bwriedig — |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | bwria i, bwriaf i | bwri di | bwrith o/e/hi, bwriff e/hi | bwriwn ni | bwriwch chi | bwrian nhw |
conditional | bwriwn i, bwriswn i | bwriet ti, bwriset ti | bwriai fo/fe/hi, bwrisai fo/fe/hi | bwrien ni, bwrisen ni | bwriech chi, bwrisech chi | bwrien nhw, bwrisen nhw |
preterite | bwriais i, bwries i | bwriaist ti, bwriest ti | bwriodd o/e/hi | bwrion ni | bwrioch chi | bwrion nhw |
imperative | — | bwria | — | — | bwriwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
bwrw | fwrw | mwrw | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.