caer

See also: Caer

English

Etymology

Welsh caer

Noun

caer (plural caers)

A Welsh fortress.
- 1892, Grant Allen, Science in Arcady, page 295:
  […] a good many relics of the old Welsh Caers still bespeak the incompleteness of the early Teutonic conquest.

Alternative forms

cair

Asturian

Verb

caer

Alternative form of cayer

Galician

Alternative forms

caír
cair (reintegrationist)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese caer, from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Spanish caer, French choir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kaˈeɾ/
Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)

Verb

caer (first-person singular present caio, first-person singular preterite caín, past participle caído)

(intransitive) to fall, fall off, fall down
(of a time) to fall on; to occur
to fall; to decline; to collapse
to fall; to die in battle

Conjugation

Conjugation of caer (irregular)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	caer
Personal	caer	caeres	caer	caermos	caerdes	caeren
Gerund
	caendo
Past participle
Masculine	caído			caídos
Feminine	caída			caídas
Indicative
Present	caio	caes	cae	caemos	caedes	caen
Imperfect	caía	caías	caía	caïamos	caïades	caían
Preterite	caín	caíches	caeu	caemos	caestes	caeron
Pluperfect	caera	caeras	caera	caeramos	caerades	caeran
Future	caerei	caerás	caerá	caeremos	caeredes	caerán
Conditional	caería	caerías	caería	caeriamos	caeriades	caerían
Subjunctive
Present	caia	caias	caia	caiamos	caiades	caian
Imperfect	caese	caeses	caese	caésemos	caésedes	caesen
Future	caer	caeres	caer	caermos	caerdes	caeren
Imperative
Affirmative		cae	caia	caiamos	caede	caian
Negative (non)		non caias	non caia	non caiamos	non caiades	non caian

Derived terms

Related terms

References

“caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“caer” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
“caer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“caer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“caer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre. Compare Portuguese cair, Galician caer, French choir.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kaˈeɾ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -eɾ
Syllabification: ca‧er

Verb

caer (first-person singular present caigo, first-person singular preterite caí, past participle caído)

(intransitive, reflexive) to fall (to move to a lower position due to gravity)
(intransitive) to fall (to come down, to drop, to descend)
La lluvia cae más fuerte que antes.
The rain is falling heavier than before.
(intransitive, reflexive) to fall down, to collapse (to fall to the ground)
(intransitive, reflexive) to fall out (to come out of something by falling)
El pelo dañado puede caerse.
Damaged hair can fall out.
(intransitive) to fall into, to fall for; to be ensnared by
caer en la trampa ― to fall into the trap
(intransitive) to fall into (to enter a negative state)
(intransitive) to fall, to collapse (to be overthrown or defeated)
El imperio romano cayó poco a poco.
The Roman Empire fell little by little.
(intransitive) to get (to understand)
No caigo. ― I don't get it.
(intransitive) to be granted or awarded
Le cayó una multa.
She got fined.
(intransitive) to fall under (to belong to for purposes of categorization)
(intransitive) to fall on (to occur on a particular day)

Conjugation

Conjugation of caer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			caer
gerund			cayendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		caído		caída
		plural		caídos		caídas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	caigo	caes^{^tú} caés^{^vos}	cae	caemos	caéis	caen
	imperfect	caía	caías	caía	caíamos	caíais	caían
	preterite	caí	caíste	cayó	caímos	caísteis	cayeron
	future	caeré	caerás	caerá	caeremos	caeréis	caerán
	conditional	caería	caerías	caería	caeríamos	caeríais	caerían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	caiga	caigas^{^tú} caigás^{^vos²}	caiga	caigamos	caigáis	caigan
	imperfect (ra)	cayera	cayeras	cayera	cayéramos	cayerais	cayeran
	imperfect (se)	cayese	cayeses	cayese	cayésemos	cayeseis	cayesen
	future¹	cayere	cayeres	cayere	cayéremos	cayereis	cayeren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		cae^{^tú} caé^{^vos}	caiga	caigamos	caed	caigan
	negative		no caigas	no caiga	no caigamos	no caigáis	no caigan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of caer (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive caer
	dative	caerme	caerte	caerle, caerse	caernos	caeros	caerles, caerse
	accusative	caerme	caerte	caerlo, caerla, caerse	caernos	caeros	caerlos, caerlas, caerse

with gerund cayendo
	dative	cayéndome	cayéndote	cayéndole, cayéndose	cayéndonos	cayéndoos	cayéndoles, cayéndose
	accusative	cayéndome	cayéndote	cayéndolo, cayéndola, cayéndose	cayéndonos	cayéndoos	cayéndolos, cayéndolas, cayéndose

with informal second-person singular tú imperative cae
	dative	cáeme	cáete	cáele	cáenos	not used	cáeles
	accusative	cáeme	cáete	cáelo, cáela	cáenos	not used	cáelos, cáelas

with informal second-person singular vos imperative caé
	dative	caeme	caete	caele	caenos	not used	caeles
	accusative	caeme	caete	caelo, caela	caenos	not used	caelos, caelas

with formal second-person singular imperative caiga
	dative	cáigame	not used	cáigale, cáigase	cáiganos	not used	cáigales
	accusative	cáigame	not used	cáigalo, cáigala, cáigase	cáiganos	not used	cáigalos, cáigalas

with first-person plural imperative caigamos
	dative	not used	caigámoste	caigámosle	caigámonos	caigámoos	caigámosles
	accusative	not used	caigámoste	caigámoslo, caigámosla	caigámonos	caigámoos	caigámoslos, caigámoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative caed
	dative	caedme	not used	caedle	caednos	caeos	caedles
	accusative	caedme	not used	caedlo, caedla	caednos	caeos	caedlos, caedlas

with formal second-person plural imperative caigan
	dative	cáiganme	not used	cáiganle	cáigannos	not used	cáiganles, cáiganse
	accusative	cáiganme	not used	cáiganlo, cáiganla	cáigannos	not used	cáiganlos, cáiganlas, cáiganse

Conjugation of caerse (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			caerse
gerund			cayéndose
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		caído		caída
		plural		caídos		caídas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
personal non-finite		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	infinitive	caerme	caerte	caerse	caernos	caeros	caerse
	gerund	cayéndome	cayéndote	cayéndose	cayéndonos	cayéndoos	cayéndose

indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me caigo	te caes^{^tú} te caés^{^vos}	se cae	nos caemos	os caéis	se caen
	imperfect	me caía	te caías	se caía	nos caíamos	os caíais	se caían
	preterite	me caí	te caíste	se cayó	nos caímos	os caísteis	se cayeron
	future	me caeré	te caerás	se caerá	nos caeremos	os caeréis	se caerán
	conditional	me caería	te caerías	se caería	nos caeríamos	os caeríais	se caerían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me caiga	te caigas^{^tú} te caigás^{^vos²}	se caiga	nos caigamos	os caigáis	se caigan
	imperfect (ra)	me cayera	te cayeras	se cayera	nos cayéramos	os cayerais	se cayeran
	imperfect (se)	me cayese	te cayeses	se cayese	nos cayésemos	os cayeseis	se cayesen
	future¹	me cayere	te cayeres	se cayere	nos cayéremos	os cayereis	se cayeren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		cáete^{^tú} caete^{^vos}	cáigase	caigámonos	caeos	cáiganse
	negative		no te caigas	no se caiga	no nos caigamos	no os caigáis	no se caigan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms

Related terms

Anagrams

acre, arce, cera, crea

Welsh

Pronunciation

(North Wales) IPA^(key): /kaːɨ̯r/
(South Wales) IPA^(key): /kai̯r/

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh caer, from Old Welsh cair, from Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort, fortified town”).

See also Cornish ker (“fort”), Breton kêr (“town, city”). Related to cae (“field”).

Noun

caer f (plural caerau or caeroedd or ceyrydd)

fort, fortress, enclosed stronghold, castle, fortress, citadel, fortified town or city
wall, rampart, bulwark
twill

Derived terms

bryngaer (“hill-fort”)
Caer Arianrhod (“Milky Way”)
Caer Colun (“Colchester”)
Caer Gwydion (“Milky Way”)
Caer Ludd (“London”)
Caer Rhain (“Aconbury”)
Caer (“Chester”)
Caer-went (“Caer-went”)
Caerdroea (“Troy”)
Caerdydd (“Cardiff”)
Caeredin (“Edinburgh”)
Caerfaddon (“Bath”)
Caerferwig (“Berwick(-upon-Tweed)”)
Caerfuddai (“Chichester”)
Caerfyrddin (“Carmarthen”)
Caerffili (“Caerphilly”)
Caergaint (“Canterbury”)
caergawell (“gabion”)
Caergeiliog (“Caergeiliog”)
Caergrawnt (“Cambridge”)
Caergwrle (“Caergwrle”)
Caergybi (“Holyhead”)
Caergystennin (“Constantinople”)
Caeriw (“Carew”)
Caerliwelydd (“Carlisle”)
Caerloyw (“Gloucester”)
Caerlwytgoed (“Lichfield”)
Caerlŷr (“Leicester”)
Caerllion (“Caerleon”)
Caermeini (“Caermeini”)
Caernarfon (“Carnarfon”)
caerog (“fortified”)
Caersalem (“Jerusalem”)
Caersallog (“Salisbury”)
Caersŵs (“Caersws”)
caeru (“to fortify”)
Caerwedros (“Caerwedron”)
Caerwrangon (“Worcester”)
Caerwrygion (“Wroxeter”)
Caerwynt (“Winchester”)
Caerwys (“Caerwys”)
Caerwysg (“Exeter”)
Caerhirfryn (“Lancaster”)
Caerhun (“Caerhun”)

Related terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

caffer

Verb

caer

(literary) impersonal imperative of cael

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
caer	gaer	nghaer	chaer
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caer”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

caer

Contents

English

Etymology

Noun

Alternative forms

Asturian

Verb

Galician

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Welsh

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Verb

Mutation

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia