caethiwo

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Welsh

Etymology

From ceithiw (“captivity”) +‎ -o under the influence of caeth (“captive”).

Pronunciation

Verb

caethiwo (first-person singular present ceithiwaf)

  1. to enslave

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future caethiwaf caethiwi caethiwa caethiwwn caethiwwch caethiwant caethiwir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		caethiwwn caethiwit caethiwai caethiwem caethiwech caethiwent caethiwid
preterite caethiwais caethiwaist caethiwodd caethiwasom caethiwasoch caethiwasant caethiwwyd
pluperfect caethiwaswn caethiwasit caethiwasai caethiwasem caethiwasech caethiwasent caethiwasid, caethiwesid
present subjunctive caethiwwyf caethiwych caethiwo caethiwom caethiwoch caethiwont caethiwer
imperative — caethiwa caethiwed caethiwwn caethiwwch caethiwent caethiwer
verbal noun caethiwo
verbal adjectives caethiwedig
caethiwadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future caethiwa i, caethiwaf i caethiwi di caethiwith o/e/hi, caethiwiff e/hi caethiwn ni caethiwch chi caethiwan nhw
conditional caethiwn i, caethiwswn i caethiwet ti, caethiwset ti caethiwai fo/fe/hi, caethiwsai fo/fe/hi caethiwen ni, caethiwsen ni caethiwech chi, caethiwsech chi caethiwen nhw, caethiwsen nhw
preterite caethiwais i, caethiwes i caethiwaist ti, caethiwest ti caethiwodd o/e/hi caethiwon ni caethiwoch chi caethiwon nhw
imperative — caethiwa — — caethiwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of caethiwo
radical soft nasal aspirate
caethiwo gaethiwo nghaethiwo chaethiwo

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caethiwo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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