caill

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Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldom (compare Welsh coll (“defect, loss”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”) (compare Old English healtian (“limp”)).

Verb

caill (present analytic cailleann, future analytic caillfidh, verbal noun cailleadh, past participle caillte)

  1. lose
  2. (euphemistic, in autonomous forms) die
    Synonyms: básaigh, éag, faigh bás, síothlaigh
    Cailleadh sa chogadh é
    He died in the war (literally “He was lost in the war”)
Conjugation
conjugation of caill (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present caillim cailleann tú;
caillir† 		cailleann sé, sí caillimid cailleann sibh cailleann siad;
caillid† 		a chailleann; a chailleas /
a gcailleann* 		cailltear
past chaill mé; chailleas chaill tú; chaillis chaill sé, sí chailleamar; chaill muid chaill sibh; chailleabhair chaill siad; chailleadar a chaill /
ar chaill* 		cailleadh
past habitual chaillinn / gcaillinn‡‡ chaillteá / gcaillteᇇ chailleadh sé, sí / gcailleadh sé, s퇇 chaillimis; chailleadh muid / gcaillimis‡‡; gcailleadh muid‡‡ chailleadh sibh / gcailleadh sibh‡‡ chaillidís; chailleadh siad / gcaillidís‡‡; gcailleadh siad‡‡ a chailleadh /
a gcailleadh* 		chailltí / gcaillt퇇
future caillfidh mé;
caillfead 		caillfidh tú;
caillfir† 		caillfidh sé, sí caillfimid;
caillfidh muid 		caillfidh sibh caillfidh siad;
caillfid† 		a chaillfidh; a chaillfeas /
a gcaillfidh* 		caillfear
conditional chaillfinn / gcaillfinn‡‡ chaillfeá / gcaillfeᇇ chaillfeadh sé, sí / gcaillfeadh sé, s퇇 chaillfimis; chaillfeadh muid / gcaillfimis‡‡; gcaillfeadh muid‡‡ chaillfeadh sibh / gcaillfeadh sibh‡‡ chaillfidís; chaillfeadh siad / gcaillfidís‡‡; gcaillfeadh siad‡‡ a chaillfeadh /
a gcaillfeadh* 		chaillfí / gcaillf퇇
subjunctive present go gcaille mé;
go gcaillead† 		go gcaille tú;
go gcaillir† 		go gcaille sé, sí go gcaillimid;
go gcaille muid 		go gcaille sibh go gcaille siad;
go gcaillid† 		— go gcailltear
past dá gcaillinn dá gcaillteá dá gcailleadh sé, sí dá gcaillimis;
dá gcailleadh muid 		dá gcailleadh sibh dá gcaillidís;
dá gcailleadh siad 		— dá gcailltí
imperative caillim caill cailleadh sé, sí caillimis cailligí;
caillidh† 		caillidís — cailltear
verbal noun cailleadh
past participle caillte

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

caill

  1. vocative/genitive singular of call

Mutation

Mutated forms of caill
radical lenition eclipsis
caill chaill gcaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kallī.

Noun

caill f (genitive caille)

  1. forest, wood, woodland

Inflection

Feminine ī-stem
singular dual plural
nominative caillL caillL cailliH
vocative caillL caillL cailliH
accusative caillN caillL cailliH
genitive cailleH cailleL cailleN
dative caillL caillib caillib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: coill
  • Manx: keyll
  • Scottish Gaelic: coille

Mutation

Mutation of caill
radical lenition nasalization
caill chaill caill
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish coillid (“destroys”), from coll (“destruction”), from Proto-Celtic *koldo-, from Proto-Indo-European *kold- (“strike, cut”).

Verb

caill (past chaill, future caillidh, verbal noun call, past participle caillte)

  1. lose
  2. miss (train, etc.)
  3. forfeit
  4. (obsolete) name, call
  5. (obsolete) emasculate

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin cōleus.

Noun

caill m

  1. (anatomy, obsolete) testicle

Mutation

Mutation of caill
radical lenition
caill chaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Welsh

Welsh Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cy

Etymology

From Middle Welsh keill, from Proto-Brythonic *köll (compare Breton and Cornish kell), from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).

Pronunciation

Noun

caill f (plural ceilliau)

  1. (anatomy) testicle

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of caill
radical soft nasal aspirate
caill gaill nghaill chaill

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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