From caled (“hard; rough, cruel”) + -u.
caledu (first-person singular present caledaf) (transitive, intransitive)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | caledaf | caledi | caleda | caledwn | caledwch | caledant | caledir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
caledwn | caledit | caledai | caledem | caledech | caledent | caledid | |
preterite | caledais | caledaist | caledodd | caledasom | caledasoch | caledasant | caledwyd | |
pluperfect | caledaswn | caledasit | caledasai | caledasem | caledasech | caledasent | caledasid, caledesid | |
present subjunctive | caledwyf | caledych | caledo | caledom | caledoch | caledont | caleder | |
imperative | — | -, caleda | caleded | caledwn | caledwch | caledent | caleder | |
verbal noun | caledu | |||||||
verbal adjectives | calededig caledadwy |
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | caleda i, caledaf i | caledi di | caledith o/e/hi, calediff e/hi | caledwn ni | caledwch chi | caledan nhw |
conditional | caledwn i, caledswn i | caledet ti, caledset ti | caledai fo/fe/hi, caledsai fo/fe/hi | caleden ni, caledsen ni | caledech chi, caledsech chi | caleden nhw, caledsen nhw |
preterite | caledais i, caledes i | caledaist ti, caledest ti | caledodd o/e/hi | caledon ni | caledoch chi | caledon nhw |
imperative | — | caleda | — | — | caledwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
caledu | galedu | nghaledu | chaledu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.