callio

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Welsh

Etymology

From call (“wise, sensible”) +‎ -io.

Pronunciation

Verb

callio (first-person singular present calliaf)

  1. to become wise, to wise up, to get one's act together
    Mae angen iddo gallio.
    He needs to get his act together.
    Callia, wnei di.
    Wise up, why don't you.

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future calliaf celli callia calliwn celliwch, calliwch calliant cellir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional calliwn cellit calliai calliem calliech callient cellid
preterite celliais celliaist calliodd calliasom calliasoch calliasant calliwyd
pluperfect calliaswn calliasit calliasai calliasem calliasech calliasent calliasid, calliesid
present subjunctive calliwyf celliech callio calliom callioch calliont callier
imperative — callia callied calliwn celliwch, calliwch callient callier
verbal noun callio
verbal adjectives calliedig
calliadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future callia i, calliaf i calli di callith o/e/hi, calliff e/hi calliwn ni calliwch chi callian nhw
conditional calliwn i, callswn i calliet ti, callset ti calliai fo/fe/hi, callsai fo/fe/hi callien ni, callsen ni calliech chi, callsech chi callien nhw, callsen nhw
preterite calliais i, callies i calliaist ti, calliest ti calliodd o/e/hi callion ni callioch chi callion nhw
imperative — callia — — calliwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
callio gallio nghallio challio
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “callio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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