caoch

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye; a person blind in one eye”), from Proto-Celtic *kaikos (compare Welsh coeg (“empty, vain, one-eyed, blind”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”) (compare Latin caecus (“blind”)).

Pronunciation

Noun

caoch m (genitive singular caoich, nominative plural caocha)

  1. blind, purblind person, creature

Declension

Declension of caoch (first declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative caoch caocha
vocative a chaoich a chaocha
genitive caoich caoch
dative caoch caocha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an caoch na caocha
genitive an chaoich na gcaoch
dative leis an gcaoch
don chaoch 		leis na caocha

Derived terms

Adjective

caoch (genitive singular masculine caoich, genitive singular feminine caoiche, plural caocha, comparative caoiche)

  1. blind, purblind (of creature)
  2. blind, empty; (of place) blind, closed up (of seed-vessel)
  3. (card games) nontrump

Declension

Declension of caoch
singular plural (m/f)
Positive masculine feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
nominative caoch chaoch caocha;
chaocha2
vocative chaoch caocha
genitive caoiche caocha caoch
dative caoch;
chaoch1 		chaoch caocha;
chaocha2
Comparative níos caoiche
Superlative is caoiche

1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Verb

caoch (present analytic caochann, future analytic caochfaidh, verbal noun caochadh, past participle caochta)

  1. (transitive) blind; daze, dazzle
  2. (intransitive, of seed-vessel) become empty, wither
  3. (intransitive) close, become blocked
  4. (intransitive) wink ; flicker

Conjugation

conjugation of caoch (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present caochaim caochann tú;
caochair† 		caochann sé, sí caochaimid caochann sibh caochann siad;
caochaid† 		a chaochann; a chaochas /
a gcaochann* 		caochtar
past chaoch mé; chaochas chaoch tú; chaochais chaoch sé, sí chaochamar; chaoch muid chaoch sibh; chaochabhair chaoch siad; chaochadar a chaoch /
ar chaoch* 		caochadh
past habitual chaochainn / gcaochainn‡‡ chaochtá / gcaochtᇇ chaochadh sé, sí / gcaochadh sé, s퇇 chaochaimis; chaochadh muid / gcaochaimis‡‡; gcaochadh muid‡‡ chaochadh sibh / gcaochadh sibh‡‡ chaochaidís; chaochadh siad / gcaochaidís‡‡; gcaochadh siad‡‡ a chaochadh /
a gcaochadh* 		chaochtaí / gcaochta퇇
future caochfaidh mé;
caochfad 		caochfaidh tú;
caochfair† 		caochfaidh sé, sí caochfaimid;
caochfaidh muid 		caochfaidh sibh caochfaidh siad;
caochfaid† 		a chaochfaidh; a chaochfas /
a gcaochfaidh* 		caochfar
conditional chaochfainn / gcaochfainn‡‡ chaochfá / gcaochfᇇ chaochfadh sé, sí / gcaochfadh sé, s퇇 chaochfaimis; chaochfadh muid / gcaochfaimis‡‡; gcaochfadh muid‡‡ chaochfadh sibh / gcaochfadh sibh‡‡ chaochfaidís; chaochfadh siad / gcaochfaidís‡‡; gcaochfadh siad‡‡ a chaochfadh /
a gcaochfadh* 		chaochfaí / gcaochfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcaocha mé;
go gcaochad† 		go gcaocha tú;
go gcaochair† 		go gcaocha sé, sí go gcaochaimid;
go gcaocha muid 		go gcaocha sibh go gcaocha siad;
go gcaochaid† 		— go gcaochtar
past dá gcaochainn dá gcaochtá dá gcaochadh sé, sí dá gcaochaimis;
dá gcaochadh muid 		dá gcaochadh sibh dá gcaochaidís;
dá gcaochadh siad 		— dá gcaochtaí
imperative caochaim caoch caochadh sé, sí caochaimis caochaigí;
caochaidh† 		caochaidís — caochtar
verbal noun caochadh
past participle caochta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of caoch
radical lenition eclipsis
caoch chaoch gcaoch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 101, page 56

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish cáech (“blind in one eye; a person blind in one eye”), from Proto-Celtic *kaikos, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ikos (“one-eyed”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

caoch (genitive singular feminine caoiche)

  1. empty
  2. blind
  3. hollow
  4. blasted
  5. one-eyed

Noun

caoch m

  1. grampus
  2. mole
  3. blind beast

Mutation

Mutation of caoch
radical lenition
caoch chaoch

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “caoch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cáech”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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