- Abkhaz: аҳҭнықалақь (aḥtnəkalakʲ)
- Afrikaans: hoofstad (af)
- Akan: ahenkuro
- Albanian: kryeqytet (sq) m
- Amharic: ዋና ከተማ (wana kätäma)
- Arabic: عَاصِمَة (ar) f (ʕāṣima), حَاضِرَة f (ḥāḍira)
- Hijazi Arabic: عاصْمة f (ʕāṣma)
- South Levantine Arabic: عاصمة f (ʕāṣme)
- Armenian: մայրաքաղաք (hy) (mayrakʻaġakʻ)
- Assamese: ৰাজধানী (razdhani)
- Asturian: capital (ast) f
- Avar: тахшагьар (taxšahar)
- Azerbaijani:
- Northern: baş şəhər, paytaxt (az)
- Southern: باششهر (baş şəhər), پایتخت (paytaxt)
- Bashkir: башҡала (başqala)
- Basque: hiriburu (eu)
- Bavarian: Hauptstod
- Belarusian: сталі́ца f (stalíca), сто́льны го́рад m (stólʹny hórad) (archaic or poetic)
- Bengali: রাজধানী (bn) (rajdhani)
- Breton: kêrbenn
- Bulgarian: сто́лица (bg) f (stólica)
- Burmese: မြို့တော် (my) (mrui.tau)
- Buryat: ниислэл хото (niislel xoto), ниислэл (niislel)
- Carpathian Rusyn: головне місто n (holovne misto)
- Catalan: capital (ca) f
- Chechen: коьрта гӏала (körta ğala)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 首都 (sau2 dou1) (of a country), 省會/省会 (saang2 wui6) (of a province), 京城 (ging1 sing4) (literary), 龍城/龙城 (lung4 sing4) (literary)
- Dungan: җинчын (žinčɨn)
- Eastern Min: 首都 (siū-dŭ) (of a country)
- Hakka: 首都 (sú-tû) (of a country)
- Mandarin: 首都 (zh) (shǒudū) (of a country), 省會/省会 (zh) (shěnghuì) (of a province), 京城 (zh) (jīngchéng) (literary), 龍城/龙城 (zh) (lóngchéng) (literary)
- Southern Min: 首都 (zh-min-nan) (siú-to͘) (of a country)
- Wu: 首都 (5seu-tu1) (of a country)
- Chukchi: эвынным (ėvynnym), авынгород (avyngorod)
- Chuvash: тĕп хула (tĕp hula)
- Coptic: ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲟⲡⲟⲗⲓⲥ f (metropolis)
- Crimean Tatar: paytaht
- Czech: hlavní město (cs) n
- Danish: hovedstad (da) c
- Dhivehi: ވެރިރަށް (veriraṣ̊)
- Dutch: hoofdstad (nl) f
- East Central German: Hauptstoadt f (Silesian)
- Erzya: прявтош (pŕavtoš)
- Esperanto: ĉefurbo (eo)
- Estonian: pealinn (et)
- Faroese: høvuðsstaður (fo) m
- Finnish: pääkaupunki (fi)
- French: capitale (fr) f (of nation), chef-lieu (fr) m (of a region or département)
- Friulian: capitâl f
- Gagauz: baş kasaba
- Galician: capital (gl)
- Georgian: დედაქალაქი (dedakalaki), სატახტო ქალაქი (saṭaxṭo kalaki)
- German: Hauptstadt (de) f
- Greek: πρωτεύουσα (el) f (protévousa)
- Ancient: μητρόπολις f (mētrópolis)
- Guaraní: tavusu
- Gujarati: રાજધાની (rājdhānī)
- Hawaiian: kapikala
- Hebrew: בִּירָה (he) f (birá)
- Hindi: राजधानी f (rājdhānī)
- Hungarian: főváros (hu)
- Hunsrik: Hauptstatt f
- Icelandic: höfuðborg (is) f
- Ido: chef-urbo (io)
- Indonesian: ibu kota (id)
- Ingrian: päälinna, stolitsa
- Irish: príomhchathair (ga) f, ceannphort m, ardchathair (ga) f
- Italian: (of nation) capitale (it) f, (of a state or regione) capoluogo (it) m
- Japanese: 首都 (ja) (しゅと, shuto), 都 (ja) (みやこ, miyako)
- Javanese: ibu kutha
- Kachchi: રાજધાની (rājdhānī)
- Kalmyk: хотл балһсн (xotl balğsn)
- Kannada: ರಾಜಧಾನಿ (kn) (rājadhāni)
- Kashubian: stolëca (csb) f
- Kazakh: астана (astana), елорда (elorda)
- Khmer: រដ្ឋធានី (rŏətthaʼthiənii), រាជធានី (km) (riəcthiənii)
- Komi-Permyak: юркар (jurkar)
- Komi-Zyrian: юркар (jurkar)
- Kongo: mbanza-kimfumu
- Korean: 수도(首都) (ko) (sudo), 서울 (ko) (seoul)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: پایتەخت (paytext)
- Northern Kurdish: paytext (ku)
- Kyrgyz: борбор (ky) (borbor), борбор шаар (borbor şaar), ордошаар (ordoşaar), башкалаа (başkalaa)
- Lao: ເມືອງຫລວງ (mư̄ang lūang), ນະຄອນຫລວງ (na khǭn lūang), ກຸງ (lo) (kung)
- Latin: archisolium n (Medieval)
- Latvian: galvaspilsēta (lv) f
- Ligurian: capitâle
- Lithuanian: sostinė (lt) f
- Low German:
- Dutch Low Saxon: heufdstad f
- German Low German: Hööftstadt f
- Lule Sami: oajvvestáda
- Luxembourgish: Haaptstad (lb) f
- Macedonian: главен град m (glaven grad), престолнина f (prestolnina)
- Malagasy: renivohiny (mg)
- Malay: ibu negara (ms) (of country), ibu negeri (of state), ibu kota (ms) (in general)
- Malayalam: തലസ്ഥാനം (ml) (talasthānaṁ)
- Maltese: belt kapitali
- Manchu: ᡤᡝᠮᡠᠨ (gemun), ᡥᡝᠴᡝᠨ (hecen)
- Manx: ard-valley m, preeu-valley m
- Maori: tino tāone, tāone matua
- Marathi: राजधानी f (rājdhānī)
- Moksha: пряош (pŕaoš)
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: нийслэл хот (mn) (niislel xot), нийслэл (mn) (niislel)
- Moore: na-tẽnga
- Navajo: Wááshindoon bikin
- Nepali: राजधानी (ne) (rājdhānī)
- Northern Sami: oaivegávpot
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: hovedstad (no) m
- Nynorsk: hovudstad m
- Odia: ରାଜଧାନୀ (rājadhāni)
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Cyrillic: стольнъ градъ m (stolĭnŭ gradŭ)
- Old English: hēafodburg f
- Old Norse: hǫfuðstaðr m
- Ossetian: сӕйраг сахар (sæjrag saxar)
- Ottoman Turkish: پایتخت (payitaht)
- Pannonian Rusyn: престолнїца f (prestolnjica), главни варош m (hlavni varoš), престолни варош m (prestolni varoš)
- Pashto: پلازمېنه f (plâzmena), پايتخت (ps) m (pāytaxt)
- Persian:
- Dari: پَایْتَخْت (fa) (pāytaxt)
- Iranian Persian: پایْتَخْت (fa) (pâytaxt)
- Pitcairn-Norfolk: kapitel citii
- Polish: stolica (pl) f
- Portuguese: capital (pt) f
- Punjabi:
- Eastern: ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ (rājdhānī)
- Western: راجگڑھ (rājgaṛh)
- Romani:
- Kalo Finnish Romani: ȟeeresko fooros
- Romanian: capitală (ro) f
- Romansch: chapitala f (Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader), capitala f (Sursilvan, Surmiran), tgapitala f (Sutsilvan), chapitela f (Puter), cauliug m (Sursilvan)
- Russian: столи́ца (ru) f (stolíca), сто́льный град m (stólʹnyj grad) (archaic or poetic)
- Sanskrit: राजधानी (sa) f (rājadhānī)
- Santali: ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ
- Scots: caipital ceety
- Scottish Gaelic: prìomh-bhaile
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: главни град m, пре́сто̄ница f, прије́сто̄лница f
- Roman: glavni grad (sh) m, préstōnica (sh) f, prijéstōlnica (sh) f
- Shor: ӧӧн тура (öön tura)
- Sicilian: capitali (scn)
- Silesian: stolica f
- Sinhalese: අගනුවර (si) (aganuwara)
- Slovak: hlavné mesto n
- Slovene: glavno mesto (sl) n, prestolnica (sl) f
- Somali: caasimad, magaalomadax
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: stolica f
- Upper Sorbian: stolica f
- Spanish: capital (es) f
- Sranan Tongo: mamafoto
- Sundanese: dayeuh
- Swabian: Haubdschdadd
- Swahili: mji mkuu (sw)
- Swedish: huvudstad (sv) c
- Tagalog: kapital, ulunlunsod, pununglunsod, kabisera
- Tajik: пойтахт (tg) (poytaxt)
- Tamil: தலைநகர் (talainakar)
- Tatar: башкала (tt) (başkala)
- Telugu: రాజధాని (te) (rājadhāni)
- Thai: เมืองหลวง (th) (mʉʉang-lǔuang), นครหลวง (th) (ná-kɔɔn-lǔuang), กรุง (th) (grung)
- Tibetan: རྒྱལ་ས (rgyal sa)
- Tigrinya: ርእሲ ከተማ (rəʾsi kätäma)
- Turkish: başkent (tr), başşehir (tr), asitane, payitaht (tr), ken (tr)
- Turkmen: paýtagt
- Udmurt: шоркар (šorkar)
- Ukrainian: столи́ця (uk) f (stolýcja), сто́льний град m (stólʹnyj hrad) (archaic or poetic)
- Urdu: دارُالْحُکُومَت m (dār-ul-hukūmat), دارُ الْحُکُومَت m (dāru l-hukūmat), پائے تَخْت m (pāe taxt)
- Uyghur: پايتەخت (paytext)
- Uzbek: poytaxt (uz)
- Venetan: cavedal
- Vietnamese: thủ đô (vi) (首都) (of nation), thủ phủ (vi) (首府) (of province, state or region)
- Volapük: cifazif (vo), (older term) glezif
- Welsh: prifddinas (cy) f
- West Frisian: haadstêd (fy)
- Western Kayah: ꤠꤟꤤ꤭ꤗꤟꤌꤣ (vī̤mṳeoe)
- Yakut: киин куорат (kiin kuorat)
- Yiddish: הויפּטשטאָט f (hoyptshtot)
- Zhuang: soujduh (of a country), gingsingz (of a country)
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