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There is a semantical difference in the usage of caixa and capsa according to their size. Boxes larger than a shoebox are usually called caixa, while boxes smaller than a shoebox (e.g. for matches, confectioneries, pills) are capsa.
From Proto-Italic*kapsos, from capiō(“capture, seize, take”), possibly a relic of a sigmatic aorist stem in Proto-Italic that later merged with the perfective tense.[1] Compare Latin noxa from noceō, also Ancient Greek σκᾰ́ψᾱς(skápsās), masculine nominative active indicative aorist participle of σκάπτω(skáptō) (not cognate with the Latin term).[2][3]
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “capsa”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 90-1
“capsa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
capsa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
capsa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“capsa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
“capsa”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
“capsa”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
“capsa”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press