caru

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See also: carú, čáru, and čárů

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin cārus.

Adjective

caru m sg (feminine singular cara, neuter singular caro, masculine plural caros, feminine plural cares)

  1. expensive

Antonyms

Latvian

Noun

caru m

  1. inflection of cars:
    1. accusative/instrumental singular
    2. genitive plural

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *karu, from Proto-Germanic *karō. Cognate with Old Saxon kara, Old High German kara, Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara).

Pronunciation

Noun

caru f (Anglian)

  1. worry, anxiety, care
  2. sorrow, grief
    • 10th century, The Wanderer:
      Oft iċ sceolde āna · ūhtna ġehwylċe
      mīne ċeare cwīþan. · Nis nū cwicra nān…
      Oft I had to bemoan my sorrow alone at every dawn. There is no one alive…

Usage notes

The declension table below shows the inherited forms of caru, with a-restoration and palatal diphthongization before front vowels. This distinction was often leveled in both directions, giving alternative forms such as nom. sg. ċearu and dat. sg. care.

Declension

Declension of caru (strong ō-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative caru cara, ċeare
accusative care, ċeare cara, ċeare
genitive care, ċeare cara
dative care, ċeare carum

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Middle English: care
    • English: care
    • Scots: care
    • Yola: caure, caare, caar

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kareti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).

Pronunciation

Verb

caru (first-person singular present caraf)

  1. (transitive) to love, like
    Antonym: casáu

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future caraf ceri câr, cara carwn cerwch, carwch carant cerir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		carwn carit carai carem carech carent cerid
preterite cerais ceraist carodd carasom carasoch carasant carwyd
pluperfect caraswn carasit carasai carasem carasech carasent carasid, caresid
present subjunctive carwyf cerych caro carom caroch caront carer
imperative — cara cared carwn cerwch, carwch carent carer
verbal noun caru
verbal adjectives caredig
caradwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future cara i, caraf i cari di carith o/e/hi, cariff e/hi carwn ni carwch chi caran nhw
conditional carwn i, carswn i caret ti, carset ti carai fo/fe/hi, carsai fo/fe/hi caren ni, carsen ni carech chi, carsech chi caren nhw, carsen nhw
preterite carais i, cares i caraist ti, carest ti carodd o/e/hi caron ni caroch chi caron nhw
imperative — cara — — carwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
  • cariad m (“love, charity, affection; beloved (one); lover, sweetheart, darling”)
  • Carwyn

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
caru garu ngharu charu
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “caru”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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