cen

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Albanian

Etymology

Unknown. Meyer initially derived it from Latin signum (sign) but he withdrew from the idea later, due to the fact that signum has given shenjë in Albanian. Also, any relation to Italian segno (proposed by Kristoforidhi) falls as s- from Italian has not given c- in Albanian. Mann related it to Greek πένομαι (pénomai, to weave, spin) and πόνος (pónos, pain), but in addition to the distant meanings, the Greek words come from a PIE *(s)p- root which cannot give starting c- in Albanian. Also, the roots *kṷenos and *kṷenā that he proposes would have given a starting s- in Albanian, not c-.

Çabej states that the main problem is that the original concrete meaning, before the abstracts of nowadays were formed, has diminished. Few survivors in dialects are cenakuq (European robin; red-spotted warbler) and cen as adjective (picky eater), which lead to the original meaning related to spot, mark, patch.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sɛn/
  • Rhymes: -en
  • Hyphenation: cen

Noun

cen m

  1. physical defect, blemish
  2. flaw, vice, bad habit
  3. (regional) bad action, dislikable endeavor (used in Dangëlli region)

Declension

Declension of cen
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative cen ceni cene cenet
accusative cenin
dative ceni cenit ceneve ceneve
ablative cenesh

Adjective

cen (feminine cene)

  1. (regional) picky eater
    Synonyms: cenak, qibar, buzëhollë
    Djalin e kam cenMy son is a picky eater.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Çabej, E. (1987) “cen”, in Studime etimologjike në fushë të shqipes (in Albanian), volumes III: C–D, Tirana, page 19
  2. ^ Floqi, Spiro (1958) Buletin i Universitetit Shtetëror të Tiranës, Seria Shkencat Shoqërore, volume 3, Tirana: University of Tirana, page 139

Further reading

  • FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe, 1980
  • cen”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe (in Albanian), 2006
  • Newmark, L. (1999) “cen”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary

Galician

Galician numbers (edit)
1,000
 ←  90  ←  99 100 200  → , 1,000  → 
10
    Cardinal (standard): (alone or followed by a noun or higher numeral) cen
    Cardinal (reintegrationist): (alone or followed by a noun or higher numeral) cem
    Cardinal: (followed by a lower numeral) cento
    Ordinal: centésimo
    Ordinal abbreviation: 100º
    Fractional: centésimo

Alternative forms

  • cento (combining form only)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese cen, from cento, from Latin centum, from Proto-Italic *kentom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

Pronunciation

 
  • IPA(key): (standard) /ˈθɛŋ/
  • IPA(key): (seseo) /ˈsɛŋ/

  • Rhymes: -ɛŋ
  • Hyphenation: cen

Numeral

cen (indeclinable)

  1. one hundred; 100

Usage notes

The indeclinable form cen means "one hundred" only. To say "one hundred one", the combining form cento is used, as cento un or cento unha. Likewise, "one hundred thirty" is cento trinta, and "one hundred fifty-four" is cento cincuenta e catro.

See also

Further reading

Mandarin

Romanization

cen

  1. nonstandard spelling of cēn
  2. nonstandard spelling of cén

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kēn.

Pronunciation

Noun

ċēn m

  1. (poetic) torch
  2. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune (k or tʃ)

Declension

Strong a-stem:

Synonyms

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *kina (on this side of), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (this, here); compare Breton ken (otherwise).

Pronunciation

Preposition

cen (governs the accusative; triggers lenition)

  1. except
  2. without
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20d4
      Cía ru·bé cen ní diib, ní·rubai cenaib huli.
      Though he might be without some of them, he could not be without all of them.
  3. not to (followed by a verbal noun)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c20
      cid atob·aich cen dílgud cech ancridi do·gnethe frib, et ní bethe fria acre
      what impels you pl not to forgive every injury that may have been done to you, and that you should not be about to sue it?

Inflection

Inflection of cen
Person: normal emphatic
singular first
second cenutsu
third
m or n
dative
accusative cen(a)e
third
f
dative
accusative
plural first
second cenuibsi
third dative
accusative cenaib

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Irish: gan
  • Manx: gyn
  • Scottish Gaelic: gun

Mutation

Mutation of cen
radical lenition nasalization
cen chen cen
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡sɛn/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛn
  • Syllabification: cen

Noun

cen f

  1. genitive plural of cena

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English change.

Pronunciation

Noun

cen (nominative plural cens)

  1. change, transition, turn

Declension

Declension of cen
singular plural
nominative cen cens
genitive cena cenas
dative cene cenes
accusative ceni cenis
vocative 1 o cen! o cens!
predicative 2 cenu cenus

1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh kenn (skin, hide), from Proto-Brythonic *kenn, from Proto-Celtic *kennos (skin) (compare Cornish kenn (film, skin (on liquid); peel), Breton kenn (scurf, dandruff), Old Irish cenn (covering)), from Proto-Indo-European *sken- (to split off) (compare German schinden (to strip, peel; skin)); further to Cornish skans (fish scales), Breton skant (fish scales), Irish scáin (to tear, burst).

Pronunciation

Noun

cen m (plural cennau)

  1. (dermatology) scurf, dandruff
    Synonyms: marwdon, sgrwff
  2. (biology) scale (on fish, bud)
    Synonym: cennyn
  3. (chemistry) scale, scurf, fur (in pipe, boiler, furnace, kettle)
    Synonym: calch
  4. (mycology) lichen
    Synonym: cramen y cerrig
  5. (dental hygiene) tartar
    Synonyms: deintgen, grutgen

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of cen
radical soft nasal aspirate
cen gen nghen chen

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cen”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies