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French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French , from Latin circināre.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɛʁ.ne/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

cerner

  1. (transitive) to surround
    Synonym: entourer
    Les gendarmes cernèrent la maison où il s’était réfugié.
    The policemen surrounded the house in which he had been hiding.
    Il avait les yeux cernés de noir.
    He had dark circles around his eyes.
  2. (transitive, figuratively) to figure out; to distinguish, identify the boundaries of
    Synonyms: appréhender, saisir
    La discussion a aidé à cerner le problème.
    The discussion helped to clarify the nature and scope of the problem.

Conjugation

Conjugation of cerner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple cerner
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple cernant
/sɛʁ.nɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle cerné
/sɛʁ.ne/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present cerne
/sɛʁn/ 		cernes
/sɛʁn/ 		cerne
/sɛʁn/ 		cernons
/sɛʁ.nɔ̃/ 		cernez
/sɛʁ.ne/ 		cernent
/sɛʁn/
imperfect cernais
/sɛʁ.nɛ/ 		cernais
/sɛʁ.nɛ/ 		cernait
/sɛʁ.nɛ/ 		cernions
/sɛʁ.njɔ̃/ 		cerniez
/sɛʁ.nje/ 		cernaient
/sɛʁ.nɛ/
past historic2 cernai
/sɛʁ.ne/ 		cernas
/sɛʁ.na/ 		cerna
/sɛʁ.na/ 		cernâmes
/sɛʁ.nam/ 		cernâtes
/sɛʁ.nat/ 		cernèrent
/sɛʁ.nɛʁ/
future cernerai
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ 		cerneras
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ 		cernera
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ 		cernerons
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ 		cernerez
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ 		cerneront
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional cernerais
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ 		cernerais
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ 		cernerait
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ 		cernerions
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		cerneriez
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁje/ 		cerneraient
/sɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present cerne
/sɛʁn/ 		cernes
/sɛʁn/ 		cerne
/sɛʁn/ 		cernions
/sɛʁ.njɔ̃/ 		cerniez
/sɛʁ.nje/ 		cernent
/sɛʁn/
imperfect2 cernasse
/sɛʁ.nas/ 		cernasses
/sɛʁ.nas/ 		cernât
/sɛʁ.na/ 		cernassions
/sɛʁ.na.sjɔ̃/ 		cernassiez
/sɛʁ.na.sje/ 		cernassent
/sɛʁ.nas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — cerne
/sɛʁn/ 		— cernons
/sɛʁ.nɔ̃/ 		cernez
/sɛʁ.ne/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Latin cernere, cernō, from Proto-Italic *krinō, from Proto-Indo-European *krey-. Doublet of cernir.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Spain) /θeɾˈneɾ/
  • IPA(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /seɾˈneɾ/
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: cer‧ner

Verb

cerner (first-person singular present cierno, first-person singular preterite cerní, past participle cernido)

  1. (transitive) to sift
    Synonym: (Asturias) peñerar
  2. (intransitive, botany) to blossom, bud
  3. (intransitive, pronominal) to circle; to hover
  4. to drizzle

Conjugation

    Conjugation of cerner (e-ie alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive cerner
gerund cerniendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular cernido cernida
plural cernidos cernidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present cierno ciernestú
cernésvos 		cierne cernemos cernéis ciernen
imperfect cernía cernías cernía cerníamos cerníais cernían
preterite cerní cerniste cernió cernimos cernisteis cernieron
future cerneré cernerás cernerá cerneremos cerneréis cernerán
conditional cernería cernerías cernería cerneríamos cerneríais cernerían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present cierna ciernastú
cernásvos2 		cierna cernamos cernáis ciernan
imperfect
(ra) 		cerniera cernieras cerniera cerniéramos cernierais cernieran
imperfect
(se) 		cerniese cernieses cerniese cerniésemos cernieseis cerniesen
future1 cerniere cernieres cerniere cerniéremos cerniereis cernieren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative ciernetú
cernévos 		cierna cernamos cerned ciernan
negative no ciernas no cierna no cernamos no cernáis no ciernan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of cerner (e-ie alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive cerner
dative cernerme cernerte cernerle, cernerse cernernos cerneros cernerles, cernerse
accusative cernerme cernerte cernerlo, cernerla, cernerse cernernos cerneros cernerlos, cernerlas, cernerse
with gerund cerniendo
dative cerniéndome cerniéndote cerniéndole, cerniéndose cerniéndonos cerniéndoos cerniéndoles, cerniéndose
accusative cerniéndome cerniéndote cerniéndolo, cerniéndola, cerniéndose cerniéndonos cerniéndoos cerniéndolos, cerniéndolas, cerniéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative cierne
dative ciérneme ciérnete ciérnele ciérnenos not used ciérneles
accusative ciérneme ciérnete ciérnelo, ciérnela ciérnenos not used ciérnelos, ciérnelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative cerné
dative cerneme cernete cernele cernenos not used cerneles
accusative cerneme cernete cernelo, cernela cernenos not used cernelos, cernelas
with formal second-person singular imperative cierna
dative ciérname not used ciérnale, ciérnase ciérnanos not used ciérnales
accusative ciérname not used ciérnalo, ciérnala, ciérnase ciérnanos not used ciérnalos, ciérnalas
with first-person plural imperative cernamos
dative not used cernámoste cernámosle cernámonos cernámoos cernámosles
accusative not used cernámoste cernámoslo, cernámosla cernámonos cernámoos cernámoslos, cernámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative cerned
dative cernedme not used cernedle cernednos cerneos cernedles
accusative cernedme not used cernedlo, cernedla cernednos cerneos cernedlos, cernedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative ciernan
dative ciérnanme not used ciérnanle ciérnannos not used ciérnanles, ciérnanse
accusative ciérnanme not used ciérnanlo, ciérnanla ciérnannos not used ciérnanlos, ciérnanlas, ciérnanse

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia