chyba
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This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech chyba, from Proto-Slavic *xyba.
Pronunciation
Noun
chyba f
Declension
Related terms
Further reading
- chyba in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- chyba in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
- chyba in Internetová jazyková příručka
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xyba.
Pronunciation
Noun
chyba f
Declension
Declension of chyba (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | chyba | chybě | chyby |
| genitive | chyby | chybú | chyb |
| dative | chybě | chybama | chybám |
| accusative | chybu | chybě | chyby |
| vocative | chybo | chybě | chyby |
| locative | chybě | chybú | chybách |
| instrumental | chybú | chybama | chybami |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Preposition
chyba
Adverb
chyba
Interjection
chyba
Descendants
- Czech: chyba
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “chyba”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xyba. First attested in the 16th century.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxɨ.ba/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈxɨ.ba/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɨba
- Syllabification: chy‧ba
Particle
chyba
- expresses confidence but not certainty; probably; I think, I guess
- (Middle Polish) delimiting particle; only, just, merely
Declension
Combined forms of chyba
Noun
chyba f
Declension
Declension of chyba
Preposition
chyba
- (Middle Polish) denotes lack; without; except; barring
Derived terms
conjunction
particle
Related terms
adjective
noun
verbs
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), chyba is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 13 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 50 times in essays, 80 times in fiction, and 143 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 293 times, making it the 50th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
- ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “chyba”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “chyba”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “chyba”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 173
Further reading
- chyba in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- chyba in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “1. chyba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “2. chyba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “CHYBA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 03.01.2012
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “chyba”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “chyba”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “chyba”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 311
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “chyba I-V”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “chyba”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xyba.
Pronunciation
Particle
chyba
- expresses confidence but not certainty; probably; I think, I guess
- introduces a rhetorical question; I should think
Noun
chyba f
Declension
Declension of chyba
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | — | — |
| genitive | — | — |
| dative | — | — |
| accusative | — | — |
| instrumental | — | — |
| locative | — | — |
| vocative | — | — |
Related terms
adjective
verbs
- chybić impf
Further reading
- chyba in silling.org
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *xyba.
Noun
chyba f
Declension
Declension of chyba
Further reading
- “chyba”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024