Inherited from Middle French cingler, from Old French singler, sigler, from Old Norse sigla (“to sail”), from Proto-Germanic *siglijaną.
cingler
| infinitive | simple | cingler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | cinglant /sɛ̃.ɡlɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | cinglé /sɛ̃.ɡle/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cingle /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
cingles /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
cingle /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
cinglons /sɛ̃.ɡlɔ̃/ |
cinglez /sɛ̃.ɡle/ |
cinglent /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
| imperfect | cinglais /sɛ̃.ɡlɛ/ |
cinglais /sɛ̃.ɡlɛ/ |
cinglait /sɛ̃.ɡlɛ/ |
cinglions /sɛ̃.ɡli.jɔ̃/ |
cingliez /sɛ̃.ɡli.je/ |
cinglaient /sɛ̃.ɡlɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | cinglai /sɛ̃.ɡle/ |
cinglas /sɛ̃.ɡla/ |
cingla /sɛ̃.ɡla/ |
cinglâmes /sɛ̃.ɡlam/ |
cinglâtes /sɛ̃.ɡlat/ |
cinglèrent /sɛ̃.ɡlɛʁ/ | |
| future | cinglerai /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁe/ |
cingleras /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁa/ |
cinglera /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁa/ |
cinglerons /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁɔ̃/ |
cinglerez /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁe/ |
cingleront /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | cinglerais /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁɛ/ |
cinglerais /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁɛ/ |
cinglerait /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁɛ/ |
cinglerions /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
cingleriez /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁje/ |
cingleraient /sɛ̃.ɡlə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | cingle /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
cingles /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
cingle /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
cinglions /sɛ̃.ɡli.jɔ̃/ |
cingliez /sɛ̃.ɡli.je/ |
cinglent /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
| imperfect2 | cinglasse /sɛ̃.ɡlas/ |
cinglasses /sɛ̃.ɡlas/ |
cinglât /sɛ̃.ɡla/ |
cinglassions /sɛ̃.ɡla.sjɔ̃/ |
cinglassiez /sɛ̃.ɡla.sje/ |
cinglassent /sɛ̃.ɡlas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | cingle /sɛ̃ɡl/ |
— | cinglons /sɛ̃.ɡlɔ̃/ |
cinglez /sɛ̃.ɡle/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
cingler