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in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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English
Etymology
From Middle English circuler, circuleer, circulere, from Old French circulier, from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus, diminutive of circus (“ring”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
circular (comparative more circular, superlative most circular)
- Of or relating to a circle.
- In the shape of, or moving in a circle.
1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:Here, in the transept and choir, where the service was being held, one was conscious every moment of an increasing brightness; colours glowing vividly beneath the circular chandeliers, and the rows of small lights on the choristers' desks flashed and sparkled in front of the boys' faces, deep linen collars, and red neckbands.
- Circuitous or roundabout.
- Referring back to itself, so as to prevent computation or comprehension; infinitely recursive.
- circular reasoning
- Your dictionary defines "brave" as "courageous", and "courageous" as "brave". That's a circular definition.
- a circular formula in a spreadsheet
- I changed the definition of "sex" from "to have sex" to "to have sexual intercourse"; a dictionary definition must never be circular; using the word being defined to define itself.
- Distributed to a large number of persons.
1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England from the Accession of Henry VII. to the Death of George II. , volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, , →OCLC:a proclamation of Henry III., […] doubtless circular throughout England
- (obsolete) Perfect; complete.
1632, Philip Massinger, Maid of Honour, act I, scene 2:A man so absolute and circular / In all those wished-for rarities that may take / A virgin captive.
- (archaic) Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior.
- February 1, 1711, John Dennis, on the Genius and Writings of Shakespeare
- Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?
Synonyms
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
of or relating to a circle
in the shape of, or moving in a circle
- Arabic: دَائِرِيّ (dāʔiriyy)
- Armenian: շրջանաձև (hy) (šrǰanajew), բոլորաձև (hy) (bolorajew), շրջանագծային (hy) (šrǰanagcayin)
- Asturian: circular
- Belarusian: кру́глы (krúhly)
- Bulgarian: кръ́гъл (bg) (krǎ́gǎl)
- Burmese: ဝိုင်း (my) (wuing:)
- Catalan: circular (ca)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 圓/圆 (zh) (yuán)
- Czech: kulatý (cs)
- Danish: rund (da), cirkulær (da)
- Dutch: rond (nl)
- Finnish: ympyrän muotoinen, pyöreä (fi) (in the shape of circle); pyörivä (fi) (moving in a circle)
- French: rond (fr)
- Galician: circular (gl)
- Georgian: წრიული (c̣riuli)
- German: rund (de), Kreis- (de), kreisartig, kreisförmig (de), kreisend (de) (moving in a circle)
- Greek: κυκλικός (el) (kyklikós)
- Ancient: κυκλικός (kuklikós)
- Hindi: वृत्तीय (vŕttīya), वर्तुल (hi) (vartul), गोल (hi) (gol), वृत्ताकार (vŕttākār)
- Hungarian: körkörös (hu)
- Indonesian: bundar (id)
- Irish: ciorclach
- Italian: circolare (it)
- Japanese: 丸い (ja) (まるい, marui)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: bazineyî
- Macedonian: кружен (kružen)
- Pashto: ګرد (gërd)
- Persian: دایره (fa)
- Plautdietsch: runt
- Polish: okrągły (pl)
- Portuguese: circular (pt), redondo (pt), arredondado (pt)
- Romanian: circular (ro)
- Russian: кру́глый (ru) (krúglyj), окру́глый (ru) (okrúglyj)
- Sanskrit: मण्डल (sa) (maṇḍala)
- Scottish Gaelic: cearclach
- Spanish: circular (es)
- Sundanese: bunder
- Swedish: rund (sv), cirkulär (sv), cirkelformad (sv), ringformad (sv)
- Ukrainian: кру́глий (uk) (krúhlyj)
- Volapük: sirkafomik (vo), klöpik (vo)
|
distributed to a large number of persons
Noun
circular (plural circulars)
- An advertisement, directive or notice intended for mass circulation.
- Synonym: (advertisement) flyer
- Short for circular letter.
- Short for circular file.
- (dated) A sleeveless cloak cut from a circular pattern.
- A shuttle bus with a circular route.
Translations
advertisement, directive or notice intended for mass circulation
See also
Verb
circular (third-person singular simple present circulars, present participle circularing, simple past and past participle circulared)
- To distribute circulars to or at.
1851, G. W. Muir, Report on the State of Engine and Other Furnaces, page 19:The result of the sending of these notices confirms me in the opinion, that it will be necessary to adopt legal means with the great majority of these parties. The circulars have had little effect. In fact, the parties have been “circulared" into the notion that nothing more formidable will ever be sent to them.
1873, Old and new - Volume 8, page 101:It is true, that, to obtain these, some six hundred or more institutions were circulared, and a good many of these a second time.
1909, American Life Convention, Report of the Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Life Convention, page 42:I do not mean to say we have never employed some of them who come to us—but we have never circulared agents or gone after them.
1962, Harrie Sheridan Baketel, Medical Economics - Volume 39, page 141:If you've ever been circulared by drug repackaging houses, you know they usually offer to trade a selection of office supplies for your unused drug samples.
- To extend in a circular direction.
2008, Donald E. Wagner, Kenneth Cragg, Dying in the Land of Promise, page 116:The theme can be expressed in an architectural analogy. For, of all contriving to encover space, the arch — alone or 'circulared' into the dome — is the most ingenious.
Asturian
Etymology
Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.
Adjective
circular (epicene, plural circulares)
- circular
Related terms
Verb
circular (first-person singular indicative present circulo, past participle circuláu)
- to circle
Conjugation
Conjugation of circular
infinitive
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circular
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gerund
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circulando
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past participle
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m circuláu, f circulada, n circulao, m pl circulaos, f pl circulaes
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person
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first singular yo
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second singular tu
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third singular él/elli
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first plural nosotros/nós
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second plural vosotros/vós
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third plural ellos
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indicative
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present
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circulo
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circules
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circula
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circulamos
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circuláis
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circulen
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imperfect
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circulaba
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circulabes
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circulaba
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circulábemos, circulábamos
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circulabeis, circulabais
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circulaben
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preterite
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circulé
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circulasti, circulesti
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circuló
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circulemos
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circulastis, circulestis
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circularon
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pluperfect
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circulare, circulara
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circulares, circularas
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circulare, circulara
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circuláremos, circuláramos
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circulareis, circularais
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circularen, circularan
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future
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circularé
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circularás
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circulará
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circularemos
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circularéis
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circularán
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conditional
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circularía
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circularíes
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circularía
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circularíemos, circularíamos
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circularíeis, circularíais
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circularíen
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subjunctive
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present
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circule
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circules, circulas
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circule
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circulemos
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circuléis
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circulen, circulan
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imperfect
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circulare, circulara
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circulares, circularas
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circulare, circulara
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circuláremos, circuláramos
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circulareis, circularais
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circularen, circularan
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imperative
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—
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circula
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—
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—
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circulái
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—
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Related terms
Catalan
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris, from Latin circulus.
Pronunciation
Adjective
circular m or f (masculine and feminine plural circulars)
- circular
Noun
circular f (plural circulars)
- circular
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāre, post-Augustan form of Latin circulārī.
Pronunciation
Verb
circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulí, past participle circulat)
- to circulate
- to move, to travel
Conjugation
Related terms
Further reading
Galician
Etymology
Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.
Adjective
circular m or f (plural circulares)
- (geometry) circular
Related terms
Portuguese
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris (“circular round”), from Latin circulus, corresponding to círculo + -ar.
Pronunciation
Adjective
circular m or f (plural circulares)
- circular; round
- Synonyms: redondo, rotundo
Vimos um objeto circular sobrevoando a cidade.- We saw a round object flying over the city.
- (Brazil) running in a loop
Ônibus circular.- Shuttle bus.
- (rhetoric, lexicography) circular (referring back to itself)
Definição circular.- Circular definition.
- circular (distributed to a large number of people)
Carta circular.- Circular letter.
Noun
circular f (plural circulares)
- circular letter (official communication distributed to interested parties)
- (Portugal) ring road
- Synonyms: (Portugal) circunvalação, (Brazil) anel rodoviário, (Brazil) rodoanel
Noun
circular m (plural circulares)
- (Brazil) circular (shuttle bus that runs in a loop)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Latin circulāre (“to make round”), post-Augustan form of Latin circulārī.
Pronunciation
Verb
circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulei, past participle circulado)
- (transitive) to circle (to place a circle around)
- Circulem a resposta correta. ― Circle the correct answer.
- Synonym: circundar
- (intransitive) to circle (to move around an axis)
- Nosso planeta circula ao redor do Sol. ― Our planet circles the Sun.
- Synonyms: girar, rodar
- (intransitive) to circulate (to move through a circuit)
- O sangue parou de circular em suas veias. ― Blood stopped flowing in his veins.
- (intransitive) to flow freely
- Abri as janelas para o ar circular. ― I opened the windows to get a better airflow.
- (intransitive, or transitive with por) to move about; to walk around
- Depois que a neve derreteu, as pessoas começaram a circular pelo parque. ― After the snow melted, people started walking around the park.
- Circulem! ― Get going!
- (transitive) to circulate; to disseminate; to spread
- Os alunos circularam um rumor muito maldoso. ― The students spread a nasty rumour.
- (intransitive) to circulate; to be disseminated; to be spread; to go around
- Circulava uma notícia sobre o acidente. ― News about the accident had been going around.
- (economics) to circulate (to be valid as currency)
- O euro deixará de circular no Reino Unido. ― The euro will no longer circulate in the United Kingdom.
- (media) to circulate (to be published and distributed)
- Este é o único jornal que ainda circula. ― This is the only newspaper still in circulation.
Conjugation
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French circulaire.
Pronunciation
Adjective
circular m or n (feminine singular circulară, masculine plural circulari, feminine and neuter plural circulare)
- circular
Declension
Related terms
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /θiɾkuˈlaɾ/
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /siɾkuˈlaɾ/
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: cir‧cu‧lar
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāris, from Latin circulus.
Adjective
circular m or f (masculine and feminine plural circulares)
- circular
Derived terms
Noun
circular f (plural circulares)
- flyer, circular (advertisement)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Late Latin circulāre, post-Augustan form of Latin circulārī. Doublet of the inherited cerchar.
Verb
circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulé, past participle circulado)
- to circulate
- to go round, move around
- to scram, clear off
Conjugation
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of circular
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
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singular
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plural
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1st person
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2nd person
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3rd person
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1st person
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2nd person
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3rd person
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with infinitive circular
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dative
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circularme
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circularte
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circularle, circularse
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circularnos
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circularos
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circularles, circularse
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accusative
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circularme
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circularte
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circularlo, circularla, circularse
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circularnos
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circularos
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circularlos, circularlas, circularse
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|
with gerund circulando
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dative
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circulándome
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circulándote
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circulándole, circulándose
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circulándonos
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circulándoos
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circulándoles, circulándose
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accusative
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circulándome
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circulándote
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circulándolo, circulándola, circulándose
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circulándonos
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circulándoos
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circulándolos, circulándolas, circulándose
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|
with informal second-person singular tú imperative circula
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dative
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circúlame
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circúlate
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circúlale
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circúlanos
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not used
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circúlales
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accusative
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circúlame
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circúlate
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circúlalo, circúlala
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circúlanos
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not used
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circúlalos, circúlalas
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|
with informal second-person singular vos imperative circulá
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dative
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circulame
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circulate
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circulale
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circulanos
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not used
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circulales
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accusative
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circulame
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circulate
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circulalo, circulala
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circulanos
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not used
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circulalos, circulalas
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with formal second-person singular imperative circule
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dative
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circúleme
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not used
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circúlele, circúlese
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circúlenos
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not used
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circúleles
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accusative
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circúleme
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not used
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circúlelo, circúlela, circúlese
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circúlenos
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not used
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circúlelos, circúlelas
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with first-person plural imperative circulemos
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dative
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not used
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circulémoste
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circulémosle
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circulémonos
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circulémoos
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circulémosles
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accusative
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not used
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circulémoste
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circulémoslo, circulémosla
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circulémonos
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circulémoos
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circulémoslos, circulémoslas
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with informal second-person plural imperative circulad
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dative
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circuladme
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not used
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circuladle
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circuladnos
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circulaos
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circuladles
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accusative
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circuladme
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not used
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circuladlo, circuladla
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circuladnos
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circulaos
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circuladlos, circuladlas
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|
with formal second-person plural imperative circulen
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dative
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circúlenme
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not used
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circúlenle
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circúlennos
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not used
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circúlenles, circúlense
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accusative
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circúlenme
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not used
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circúlenlo, circúlenla
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circúlennos
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not used
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circúlenlos, circúlenlas, circúlense
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Related terms
References
Further reading